We are in the process of curating a list of this year’s publications — including links to social media, lab websites, and supplemental material. Currently, we have 68 full papers, 23 LBWs, three Journal papers, one alt.chi paper, two SIG, two Case Studies, one Interactivity, one Student Game Competition, and we lead three workshops. One paper received a best paper award and 13 papers received an honorable mention.
Disclaimer: This list is not complete yet; the DOIs might not be working yet.
Your publication from 2025 is missing? Please enter the details in this Google Forms and send us an email that you added a publication: contact@germanhci.de
“Create a Fear of Missing Out” — ChatGPT Implements Unsolicited Deceptive Designs in Generated Websites Without Warning
Veronika Krauß (Technical University of Darmstadt), Mark McGill (University of Glasgow), Thomas Kosch (Humboldt University of Berlin), Yolanda Thiel (Technical University of Darmstadt), Dominik Schön (Technical University of Darmstadt), Jan Gugenheimer (Technical University of Darmstadt)
Honorable MentionAbstract | Tags: Dark Patterns, Full Paper, Honorable Mention | Links:
@inproceedings{Krau2025CreateFear,
title = {“Create a Fear of Missing Out” — ChatGPT Implements Unsolicited Deceptive Designs in Generated Websites Without Warning},
author = {Veronika Krauß (Technical University of Darmstadt), Mark McGill (University of Glasgow), Thomas Kosch (Humboldt University of Berlin), Yolanda Thiel (Technical University of Darmstadt), Dominik Schön (Technical University of Darmstadt), Jan Gugenheimer (Technical University of Darmstadt)},
url = {https://www.teamdarmstadt.de/, website
www.linkedin.com/in/veronikakrauss, linkedin},
doi = {10.1145/3706598.3713083},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-04-26},
urldate = {2025-04-26},
abstract = {With the recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs), web developers increasingly apply their code-generation capabilities to website design. However, since these models are trained on existing designerly knowledge, they may inadvertently replicate bad or even illegal practices, especially deceptive designs (DD). This paper examines whether users can accidentally create DD for a fictitious webshop using GPT-4. We recruited 20 participants, asking them to use ChatGPT to generate functionalities (product overview or checkout) and then modify these using neutral prompts to meet a business goal (e.g., „increase the likelihood of us selling our product“). We found that all 20 generated websites contained at least one DD pattern (mean: 5, max: 9), with GPT-4 providing no warnings. When reflecting on the designs, only 4 participants expressed concerns, while most considered the outcomes satisfactory and not morally problematic, despite the potential ethical and legal implications for end-users and those adopting ChatGPT's recommendations.},
keywords = {Dark Patterns, Full Paper, Honorable Mention},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
With the recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs), web developers increasingly apply their code-generation capabilities to website design. However, since these models are trained on existing designerly knowledge, they may inadvertently replicate bad or even illegal practices, especially deceptive designs (DD). This paper examines whether users can accidentally create DD for a fictitious webshop using GPT-4. We recruited 20 participants, asking them to use ChatGPT to generate functionalities (product overview or checkout) and then modify these using neutral prompts to meet a business goal (e.g., „increase the likelihood of us selling our product“). We found that all 20 generated websites contained at least one DD pattern (mean: 5, max: 9), with GPT-4 providing no warnings. When reflecting on the designs, only 4 participants expressed concerns, while most considered the outcomes satisfactory and not morally problematic, despite the potential ethical and legal implications for end-users and those adopting ChatGPT's recommendations.
"Auntie, Please Don't Fall for Those Smooth Talkers": How Chinese Younger Family Members Safeguard Seniors from Online Fraud
Yue Deng (The Hong Kong University of Science, Technology), Changyang He (Max Planck Institute for Security, Privacy), Yixin Zou (Max Planck Institute for Security, Privacy), Bo Li (The Hong Kong University of Science, Technology)
Abstract | Tags: Full Paper | Links:
@inproceedings{Deng2025AuntiePlease,
title = {"Auntie, Please Don't Fall for Those Smooth Talkers": How Chinese Younger Family Members Safeguard Seniors from Online Fraud},
author = {Yue Deng (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology), Changyang He (Max Planck Institute for Security and Privacy), Yixin Zou (Max Planck Institute for Security and Privacy), Bo Li (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)},
doi = {10.1145/3706598.3714137},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-04-26},
urldate = {2025-04-26},
abstract = {Online fraud substantially harms individuals and seniors are disproportionately targeted. While family is crucial for seniors, little research has empirically examined how they protect seniors against fraud. To address this gap, we employed an inductive thematic analysis of 124 posts and 16,872 comments on Xiaohongshu, exploring the family support ecosystem for senior-targeted online fraud in China. We develop a taxonomy of senior-targeted online fraud from a familial perspective, revealing younger members often spot frauds hard for seniors to detect, such as unusual charges. Younger family members fulfill multiple safeguarding roles, including preventative measures, fraud identification, fraud persuasion, loss recovery, and education. They also encounter numerous challenges, such as seniors' refusal of help and considerable mental and financial stress. Drawing on these, we develop a conceptual framework to characterize family support in senior-targeted fraud, and outline implications for researchers and practitioners to consider the broader stakeholder ecosystem and cultural aspects.},
keywords = {Full Paper},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Online fraud substantially harms individuals and seniors are disproportionately targeted. While family is crucial for seniors, little research has empirically examined how they protect seniors against fraud. To address this gap, we employed an inductive thematic analysis of 124 posts and 16,872 comments on Xiaohongshu, exploring the family support ecosystem for senior-targeted online fraud in China. We develop a taxonomy of senior-targeted online fraud from a familial perspective, revealing younger members often spot frauds hard for seniors to detect, such as unusual charges. Younger family members fulfill multiple safeguarding roles, including preventative measures, fraud identification, fraud persuasion, loss recovery, and education. They also encounter numerous challenges, such as seniors' refusal of help and considerable mental and financial stress. Drawing on these, we develop a conceptual framework to characterize family support in senior-targeted fraud, and outline implications for researchers and practitioners to consider the broader stakeholder ecosystem and cultural aspects.
"Is This Seat Accessible for Me?": An Autoethnography of a Person With a Mobility Disability Using Interactive Seat Plans for Public Events
Lukas Strobel (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology), Kathrin Gerling (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology), Jan Ole Rixen(Karlsruhe Institute of Technology)
Abstract | Tags: Full Paper | Links:
@inproceedings{Strobel2025ThisSeat,
title = {"Is This Seat Accessible for Me?": An Autoethnography of a Person With a Mobility Disability Using Interactive Seat Plans for Public Events},
author = {Lukas Strobel (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology), Kathrin Gerling (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology), Jan Ole Rixen(Karlsruhe Institute of Technology)},
url = {https://hci.iar.kit.edu, website
https://www.linkedin.com/in/lukas-strobel-426bb013b/, linkedin},
doi = {10.1145/3706598.3713414},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-04-26},
urldate = {2025-04-26},
abstract = {Spectating sports matches or concerts is a popular activity, but these public live events have yet to become more accessible to people with disabilities. Inspecting the corresponding interactive seat plan before purchasing tickets online can be necessary to avoid or prepare for barriers at these venues. Unfortunately, these representations often lack valuable accessibility information. To explore how this can affect the disabled community, we leverage autoethnography to provide an in-depth introspective account through the lens of a person with a mobility disability. We apply Thematic Analysis to synthesise field notes from his research diary. The crafted themes showcase the lacking accessibility support in seat plans and illustrate the first author's adaptation strategies to facilitate accessible experiences. We further contextualise his social relationships as a key factor throughout this process. Grounded in these results, we reflect on the provision of accessibility information, the categorisation of seats, and interdependent relationships within and through these systems.},
keywords = {Full Paper},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Spectating sports matches or concerts is a popular activity, but these public live events have yet to become more accessible to people with disabilities. Inspecting the corresponding interactive seat plan before purchasing tickets online can be necessary to avoid or prepare for barriers at these venues. Unfortunately, these representations often lack valuable accessibility information. To explore how this can affect the disabled community, we leverage autoethnography to provide an in-depth introspective account through the lens of a person with a mobility disability. We apply Thematic Analysis to synthesise field notes from his research diary. The crafted themes showcase the lacking accessibility support in seat plans and illustrate the first author's adaptation strategies to facilitate accessible experiences. We further contextualise his social relationships as a key factor throughout this process. Grounded in these results, we reflect on the provision of accessibility information, the categorisation of seats, and interdependent relationships within and through these systems.
"When Two Wrongs Don't Make a Right" - Examining Confirmation Bias and the Role of Time Pressure During Human-AI Collaboration in Computational Pathology
Emely Rosbach (Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt), Jonas Ammeling (Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt), Sebastian Krügel (University of Hohenheim), Angelika Kießig (Katholische Universität Eichstätt), Alexis Fritz (Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg), Jonathan Ganz (Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt), Chloé Puget (Freie Universität Berlin), Taryn Donovan (Animal Medical Center), Andrea Klang (University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna), Maximilian C. Köller (Medical University of Vienna), Pompei Bolfa (Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine), Marco Tecilla (University of Milan), Daniela Denk (Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich), Matti Kiupel (Michigan State University), Georgios Paraschou (Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine), Mun Keong Kok (Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Universiti Putra Malaysia), Alexander F. H. Haake (Freie Universität Berlin), Ronald R. de Krijger (UMC Utrecht, Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology), Andreas F.-P. Sonnen (UMC Utrecht), Tanit Kasantikul (Michigan State University), Gerry M. Dorrestein (NOIVBD), Rebecca C. Smedley (Michigan State University), Nikolas Stathonikos (UMC Utrecht), Matthias Uhl (University of Hohenheim), Christof A. Bertram (University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna), Andreas Riener (Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt), Marc Aubreville (Flensburg University of Applied Sciences)
Honorable MentionAbstract | Tags: Full Paper, Healthcare Assistance, Honorable Mention | Links:
@inproceedings{Rosbach2025WhenTwo,
title = {"When Two Wrongs Don't Make a Right" - Examining Confirmation Bias and the Role of Time Pressure During Human-AI Collaboration in Computational Pathology},
author = {Emely Rosbach (Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt), Jonas Ammeling (Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt), Sebastian Krügel (University of Hohenheim), Angelika Kießig (Katholische Universität Eichstätt), Alexis Fritz (Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg), Jonathan Ganz (Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt), Chloé Puget (Freie Universität Berlin), Taryn Donovan (Animal Medical Center), Andrea Klang (University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna), Maximilian C. Köller (Medical University of Vienna), Pompei Bolfa (Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine), Marco Tecilla (University of Milan), Daniela Denk (Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich), Matti Kiupel (Michigan State University), Georgios Paraschou (Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine), Mun Keong Kok (Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Universiti Putra Malaysia), Alexander F. H. Haake (Freie Universität Berlin), Ronald R. de Krijger (UMC Utrecht, Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology), Andreas F.-P. Sonnen (UMC Utrecht), Tanit Kasantikul (Michigan State University), Gerry M. Dorrestein (NOIVBD), Rebecca C. Smedley (Michigan State University), Nikolas Stathonikos (UMC Utrecht), Matthias Uhl (University of Hohenheim), Christof A. Bertram (University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna), Andreas Riener (Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt), Marc Aubreville (Flensburg University of Applied Sciences)},
url = {https://hcig.thi.de/, website
linkedin.com/in/emely-rosbach-0492b1178, linkedin},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-04-26},
urldate = {2025-04-26},
abstract = {Artificial intelligence (AI)-based decision support systems hold promise for enhancing diagnostic accuracy and efficiency in computational pathology. However, human-AI collaboration can introduce and amplify cognitive biases, such as confirmation bias caused by false confirmation when erroneous human opinions are reinforced by inaccurate AI output. This bias may worsen when time pressure, ubiquitously present in routine pathology, strains practitioners’ cognitive resources. We quantified confirmation bias triggered by AI-induced false confirmation and examined the role of time constraints in a web-based experiment, where trained pathology experts (n=28) estimated tumor cell percentages. Our results suggest that AI integration may fuel confirmation bias, evidenced by a statistically significant positive linear-mixed-effects model coefficient linking AI recommendations mirroring flawed human judgment and alignment with system advice. Conversely, time pressure appeared to weaken this relationship. These findings highlight potential risks of AI use in healthcare and aim to support the safe integration of clinical decision support systems.},
keywords = {Full Paper, Healthcare Assistance, Honorable Mention},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Artificial intelligence (AI)-based decision support systems hold promise for enhancing diagnostic accuracy and efficiency in computational pathology. However, human-AI collaboration can introduce and amplify cognitive biases, such as confirmation bias caused by false confirmation when erroneous human opinions are reinforced by inaccurate AI output. This bias may worsen when time pressure, ubiquitously present in routine pathology, strains practitioners’ cognitive resources. We quantified confirmation bias triggered by AI-induced false confirmation and examined the role of time constraints in a web-based experiment, where trained pathology experts (n=28) estimated tumor cell percentages. Our results suggest that AI integration may fuel confirmation bias, evidenced by a statistically significant positive linear-mixed-effects model coefficient linking AI recommendations mirroring flawed human judgment and alignment with system advice. Conversely, time pressure appeared to weaken this relationship. These findings highlight potential risks of AI use in healthcare and aim to support the safe integration of clinical decision support systems.
3HANDS Dataset: Learning from Humans for Generating Naturalistic Handovers with Supernumerary Robotic Limbs
Artin Saberpour (Saarland Informatics Campus), Yi-Chi Liao (ETH), Ata Otaran (Saarland Informatics Campus), Rishabh Dabral (Max-Planck Institute for Informatics), Marie Muehlhaus (Saarland Informatics Campus), Christian Theobalt (Max-Planck Institute for Informatics), Martin Schmitz (Saarland Informatics Campus), Juergen Steimle (Saarland Informatics Campus)
Abstract | Tags: Full Paper, Robotics | Links:
@inproceedings{Saberpour20253HandsDataset,
title = {3HANDS Dataset: Learning from Humans for Generating Naturalistic Handovers with Supernumerary Robotic Limbs},
author = {Artin Saberpour (Saarland Informatics Campus), Yi-Chi Liao (ETH), Ata Otaran (Saarland Informatics Campus), Rishabh Dabral (Max-Planck Institute for Informatics), Marie Muehlhaus (Saarland Informatics Campus), Christian Theobalt (Max-Planck Institute for Informatics), Martin Schmitz (Saarland Informatics Campus), Juergen Steimle (Saarland Informatics Campus)},
url = {https://hci.cs.uni-saarland.de/, website},
doi = {10.1145/3706598.3713306},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-04-26},
urldate = {2025-04-26},
abstract = {Supernumerary robotic limbs are robotic structures integrated closely with the user's body, which augment human physical capabilities and necessitate seamless, naturalistic human-machine interaction. For effective assistance in physical tasks, enabling SRLs to hand over objects to humans is crucial. Yet, designing heuristic-based policies for robots is time-consuming, difficult to generalize across tasks, and results in less human-like motion. When trained with proper datasets, generative models are powerful alternatives for creating naturalistic handover motions. We introduce 3HANDS, a novel dataset of object handover interactions between a participant performing a daily activity and another participant enacting a hip-mounted SRL in a naturalistic manner. 3HANDS captures the unique characteristics of SRL interactions: operating in intimate personal space with asymmetric object origins, implicit motion synchronization, and the user’s engagement in a primary task during the handover. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our dataset, we present three models: one that generates naturalistic handover trajectories, another that determines the appropriate handover endpoints, and a third that predicts the moment to initiate a handover. In a user study (N=10), we compare the handover interaction performed with our method compared to a baseline. The findings show that our method was perceived as significantly more natural, less physically demanding, and more comfortable.},
keywords = {Full Paper, Robotics},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Supernumerary robotic limbs are robotic structures integrated closely with the user's body, which augment human physical capabilities and necessitate seamless, naturalistic human-machine interaction. For effective assistance in physical tasks, enabling SRLs to hand over objects to humans is crucial. Yet, designing heuristic-based policies for robots is time-consuming, difficult to generalize across tasks, and results in less human-like motion. When trained with proper datasets, generative models are powerful alternatives for creating naturalistic handover motions. We introduce 3HANDS, a novel dataset of object handover interactions between a participant performing a daily activity and another participant enacting a hip-mounted SRL in a naturalistic manner. 3HANDS captures the unique characteristics of SRL interactions: operating in intimate personal space with asymmetric object origins, implicit motion synchronization, and the user’s engagement in a primary task during the handover. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our dataset, we present three models: one that generates naturalistic handover trajectories, another that determines the appropriate handover endpoints, and a third that predicts the moment to initiate a handover. In a user study (N=10), we compare the handover interaction performed with our method compared to a baseline. The findings show that our method was perceived as significantly more natural, less physically demanding, and more comfortable.
A Comparative Study of How People With and Without ADHD Recognise and Avoid Dark Patterns on Social Media
Thomas Mildner (University of Bremen), Daniel Fidel (University of Bremen), Evropi Stefanidi (University of Bremen, TU Wien), Paweł W. Woźniak (TU Wien), Rainer Malaka (University of Bremen), Jasmin Niess (University of Oslo)
Abstract | Tags: Case Study, Dark Patterns, Full Paper | Links:
@inproceedings{Mildner2025ComparativeStudy,
title = {A Comparative Study of How People With and Without ADHD Recognise and Avoid Dark Patterns on Social Media},
author = {Thomas Mildner (University of Bremen), Daniel Fidel (University of Bremen), Evropi Stefanidi (University of Bremen, TU Wien), Paweł W. Woźniak (TU Wien), Rainer Malaka (University of Bremen), Jasmin Niess (University of Oslo)},
url = {dm.tzi.de, website
https://de.linkedin.com/company/dml-bremen, research group linkedin
https://www.linkedin.com/in/mildner-thomas/, author\'s linkedin},
doi = {10.1145/3706598.3713776},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-04-26},
urldate = {2025-04-26},
abstract = {Dark patterns are deceptive strategies that recent work in humancomputer interaction (HCI) has captured throughout digital domains, including social networking sites (SNSs). While research has identified difficulties among people to recognise dark patterns effectively, few studies consider vulnerable populations and their experience in this regard, including people with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), who may be especially susceptible to attention-grabbing tricks. Based on an interactive web study with 135 participants, we investigate SNS users’ ability to recognise and avoid dark patterns by comparing results from participants with and without ADHD. In line with prior work, we noticed overall low recognition of dark patterns with no significant differences between the two groups. Yet, ADHD individuals were able to avoid specific dark patterns more often. Through an interactive study, we expand previous work by understanding dark patterns in a realistic environment and offer insights into their effect on vulnerable populations.},
keywords = {Case Study, Dark Patterns, Full Paper},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Dark patterns are deceptive strategies that recent work in humancomputer interaction (HCI) has captured throughout digital domains, including social networking sites (SNSs). While research has identified difficulties among people to recognise dark patterns effectively, few studies consider vulnerable populations and their experience in this regard, including people with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), who may be especially susceptible to attention-grabbing tricks. Based on an interactive web study with 135 participants, we investigate SNS users’ ability to recognise and avoid dark patterns by comparing results from participants with and without ADHD. In line with prior work, we noticed overall low recognition of dark patterns with no significant differences between the two groups. Yet, ADHD individuals were able to avoid specific dark patterns more often. Through an interactive study, we expand previous work by understanding dark patterns in a realistic environment and offer insights into their effect on vulnerable populations.
A Qualitative Investigation of User Transitions and Frictions in Cross-Reality Applications
Julius von Willich (Telecooperation Lab, TU Darmstadt), Frank Nelles (PEASEC, TU Darmstadt), Wen-Jie Tseng (HCI Lab, TU Darmstadt), Jan Gugenheimer (HCI Lab, TU Darmstadt), Sebastian Günther (Telecooperation Lab, TU Darmstadt), Max Mühlhäuser (Telecooperation Lab, TU Darmstadt)
Abstract | Tags: Full Paper, Virtual Reality | Links:
@inproceedings{Willich2025QualitativeInvestigation,
title = {A Qualitative Investigation of User Transitions and Frictions in Cross-Reality Applications},
author = {Julius von Willich (Telecooperation Lab, TU Darmstadt), Frank Nelles (PEASEC, TU Darmstadt), Wen-Jie Tseng (HCI Lab, TU Darmstadt), Jan Gugenheimer (HCI Lab, TU Darmstadt), Sebastian Günther (Telecooperation Lab, TU Darmstadt), Max Mühlhäuser (Telecooperation Lab, TU Darmstadt)},
url = {https://www.informatik.tu-darmstadt.de/telekooperation/telecooperation_group/index.en.jsp, website
www.linkedin.com/in/julius-von-willich-9a8726275, linkedin},
doi = {10.1145/3706598.3713921},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-04-26},
urldate = {2025-04-26},
abstract = {Research in Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) has mostly viewed them in isolation. Yet, when used together in practical settings, AR and VR each offer unique strengths, necessitating multiple transitions to harness their advantages. This paper investigates potential challenges in Cross-Reality (CR) transitions to inform future application design. We implemented a CR system featuring a 3D modeling task that requires users to switch between PC, AR, and VR. Using a talk-aloud study (n=12) and thematic analysis, we revealed that frictions primarily arose when transitions conflicted with users' Spatial Mental Model (SMM). Furthermore, we found five transition archetypes employed to enhance productivity once an SMM was established. Our findings uncover that transitions have to focus on establishing and upholding the SMM of users across realities, by communicating differences between them.},
keywords = {Full Paper, Virtual Reality},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Research in Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) has mostly viewed them in isolation. Yet, when used together in practical settings, AR and VR each offer unique strengths, necessitating multiple transitions to harness their advantages. This paper investigates potential challenges in Cross-Reality (CR) transitions to inform future application design. We implemented a CR system featuring a 3D modeling task that requires users to switch between PC, AR, and VR. Using a talk-aloud study (n=12) and thematic analysis, we revealed that frictions primarily arose when transitions conflicted with users' Spatial Mental Model (SMM). Furthermore, we found five transition archetypes employed to enhance productivity once an SMM was established. Our findings uncover that transitions have to focus on establishing and upholding the SMM of users across realities, by communicating differences between them.
A Qualitative Study of Adoption Barriers and Challenges for Passwordless Authentication in German Public Administrations
Jan-Ulrich Holtgrave (CISPA Helmholtz Center for Information Security), Sabrina Klivan (CISPA Helmholtz Center for Information Security), Karola Marky (Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum), Sascha Fahl (CISPA Helmholtz Center for Information Security)
Abstract | Tags: Full Paper, Security | Links:
@inproceedings{Holtgrave2025QualitativeStudy,
title = {A Qualitative Study of Adoption Barriers and Challenges for Passwordless Authentication in German Public Administrations},
author = {Jan-Ulrich Holtgrave (CISPA Helmholtz Center for Information Security), Sabrina Klivan (CISPA Helmholtz Center for Information Security), Karola Marky (Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum), Sascha Fahl (CISPA Helmholtz Center for Information Security)},
url = {https://teamusec.de/, website},
doi = {10.1145/3706598.3713252},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-04-26},
urldate = {2025-04-26},
abstract = {Public administrations provide critical services and manage sensitive data for a country's citizens. Recent phishing campaigns targeting public sector employees highlight their attractiveness as targets. Deploying state-of-the-art authentication technologies, such as FIDO2, can improve overall security. We conducted a mixed-methods study in Germany to understand better the practices and challenges of deploying passwordless authentication in the public sector. First, we conducted an online survey (N=108) among German public sector employees to gain insights into their experiences and challenges. Next, we partnered with an e-government vendor and performed an in-situ experiment. We let 11 employees from the public sector experience FIDO2 under real-world conditions. Our results show that only a minority of our participants were aware of current passwordless authentication procedures. In our experiment, FIDO2-based methods left an overall positive impression. Hierarchical and heterogeneous public sector structures and the need for more technical expertise and equipment were barriers to adoption.},
keywords = {Full Paper, Security},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Public administrations provide critical services and manage sensitive data for a country's citizens. Recent phishing campaigns targeting public sector employees highlight their attractiveness as targets. Deploying state-of-the-art authentication technologies, such as FIDO2, can improve overall security. We conducted a mixed-methods study in Germany to understand better the practices and challenges of deploying passwordless authentication in the public sector. First, we conducted an online survey (N=108) among German public sector employees to gain insights into their experiences and challenges. Next, we partnered with an e-government vendor and performed an in-situ experiment. We let 11 employees from the public sector experience FIDO2 under real-world conditions. Our results show that only a minority of our participants were aware of current passwordless authentication procedures. In our experiment, FIDO2-based methods left an overall positive impression. Hierarchical and heterogeneous public sector structures and the need for more technical expertise and equipment were barriers to adoption.
Ad-Blocked Reality: Evaluating User Perceptions of Content Blocking Concepts Using Extended Reality
Christopher Katins (HU Berlin), Jannis Strecker (University of St.Gallen), Jan Hinrichs (HU Berlin), Pascal Knierim (Universität Innsbruck), Bastian Pfleging (TU Bergakademie Freiberg), Thomas Kosch (HU Berlin)
Abstract | Tags: Augmented Reality, Full Paper | Links:
@inproceedings{Katins2025AdblockedReality,
title = {Ad-Blocked Reality: Evaluating User Perceptions of Content Blocking Concepts Using Extended Reality},
author = {Christopher Katins (HU Berlin), Jannis Strecker (University of St.Gallen), Jan Hinrichs (HU Berlin), Pascal Knierim (Universität Innsbruck), Bastian Pfleging (TU Bergakademie Freiberg), Thomas Kosch (HU Berlin)},
url = {https://hcistudio.org, website
https://www.linkedin.com/in/christopher-katins/, linkedin},
doi = {10.1145/3706598.3713230},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-04-26},
urldate = {2025-04-26},
abstract = {Inspired by the concepts of diminishing reality and ad-blocking in browsers, this study investigates the perceived benefits and concerns of blocking physical, real-world content (in particular ads) through Extended Reality (XR). To understand how users perceive this concept, we first conducted a user study (N=18) with an ad-blocking prototype to gather initial insights. The results revealed a mixed willingness to adopt XR blockers, with participants appreciating aspects such as customizability, convenience, and privacy. Expected benefits included enhanced focus and reduced stress, while concerns centered on missing important information and increased feelings of isolation. Hence, we investigated the user acceptance of different ad-blocking visualizations through a follow-up online survey (N=120), comparing six concepts based on related work. The results indicate that the XR ad-blocker visualization plays a significant role in how and for what kinds of advertisements such a concept might be used, paving the path for future feedback-driven prototyping.},
keywords = {Augmented Reality, Full Paper},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Inspired by the concepts of diminishing reality and ad-blocking in browsers, this study investigates the perceived benefits and concerns of blocking physical, real-world content (in particular ads) through Extended Reality (XR). To understand how users perceive this concept, we first conducted a user study (N=18) with an ad-blocking prototype to gather initial insights. The results revealed a mixed willingness to adopt XR blockers, with participants appreciating aspects such as customizability, convenience, and privacy. Expected benefits included enhanced focus and reduced stress, while concerns centered on missing important information and increased feelings of isolation. Hence, we investigated the user acceptance of different ad-blocking visualizations through a follow-up online survey (N=120), comparing six concepts based on related work. The results indicate that the XR ad-blocker visualization plays a significant role in how and for what kinds of advertisements such a concept might be used, paving the path for future feedback-driven prototyping.
An Approach to Elicit Human-Understandable Robot Expressions to Support Human-Robot Interaction
Jan Leusmann (LMU Munich), Steeven Villa (LMU Munich), Thomas Liang (University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, LMU Munich), Chao Wang (Honda Research Institute Europe), Albrecht Schmidt (LMU Munich), Sven Mayer (LMU Munich)
Abstract | Tags: Full Paper, Understanding People | Links:
@inproceedings{Leusmann2025ApproachElicit,
title = {An Approach to Elicit Human-Understandable Robot Expressions to Support Human-Robot Interaction},
author = {Jan Leusmann (LMU Munich), Steeven Villa (LMU Munich), Thomas Liang (University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, LMU Munich), Chao Wang (Honda Research Institute Europe), Albrecht Schmidt (LMU Munich), Sven Mayer (LMU Munich)},
url = {https://www.medien.ifi.lmu.de/, website https://www.linkedin.com/company/lmu-media-informatics-group/posts/?feedView=all, lab\'s linkedin
https://www.linkedin.com/in/jan-leusmann/, author\'s linkedin},
doi = {10.1145/3706598.3713085},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-04-26},
urldate = {2025-04-26},
abstract = {Understanding the intentions of robots is essential for natural and seamless human-robot collaboration. Ensuring that robots have means for non-verbal communication is a basis for intuitive and implicit interaction. For this, we describe an approach to elicit and design human-understandable robot expressions. We outline the approach in the context of non-humanoid robots. We paired human mimicking and enactment with research from gesture elicitation in two phases: first, to elicit expressions, and second, to ensure they are understandable. We present an example application through two studies (N=16 & N=260) of our approach to elicit expressions for a simple 6-DoF robotic arm. We show that the approach enabled us to design robot expressions that signal curiosity and interest in getting attention. Our main contribution is an approach to generate and validate understandable expressions for robots, enabling more natural human-robot interaction.},
keywords = {Full Paper, Understanding People},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Understanding the intentions of robots is essential for natural and seamless human-robot collaboration. Ensuring that robots have means for non-verbal communication is a basis for intuitive and implicit interaction. For this, we describe an approach to elicit and design human-understandable robot expressions. We outline the approach in the context of non-humanoid robots. We paired human mimicking and enactment with research from gesture elicitation in two phases: first, to elicit expressions, and second, to ensure they are understandable. We present an example application through two studies (N=16 & N=260) of our approach to elicit expressions for a simple 6-DoF robotic arm. We show that the approach enabled us to design robot expressions that signal curiosity and interest in getting attention. Our main contribution is an approach to generate and validate understandable expressions for robots, enabling more natural human-robot interaction.
AR Cue Reliability for Interrupted Task Resumption Affects Users' Resumption Strategies and Performance
Kilian L. Bahnsen (Chair of Psychological Ergonomics, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany), Emma Dischinger (Chair of Psychological Ergonomics, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany), Tobias Grundgeiger (Chair of Psychological Ergonomics, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany)
Honorable MentionAbstract | Tags: Augmented Reality, Full Paper, Honorable Mention | Links:
@inproceedings{Bahnsen2025ArCue,
title = {AR Cue Reliability for Interrupted Task Resumption Affects Users' Resumption Strategies and Performance},
author = {Kilian L. Bahnsen (Chair of Psychological Ergonomics, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany), Emma Dischinger (Chair of Psychological Ergonomics, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany), Tobias Grundgeiger (Chair of Psychological Ergonomics, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany)},
url = {https://www.mcm.uni-wuerzburg.de/psyergo/, social media},
doi = {10.1145/3706598.3713685},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-04-26},
urldate = {2025-04-26},
abstract = {Reliable augmented reality (AR) cues can support the resumption of interrupted tasks. We investigated how sub-optimal AR cue reliability (100%, 86%, 64%, or no cue) affected users’ resumption performance and strategies. In a between-subjects experiment, 120 participants conducted a physical sorting task including interruptions, and we manipulated AR cue reliability (i.e., the AR cue was present or absent at the end of interruptions). In trials with AR cue, performance with 86% and 64% reliable AR cues was as well as with 100% reliable cues. In trials without AR cue, performance with suboptimal AR cue reliability declined but was still better than with no cue. Cue reliability affected task resumption strategies of the 86% (slow but no increase in errors) and the 64% (fast but increase in errors) reliability groups differently. Our results extend reliability research to interruptions and the observed efficiency-thoroughness trade-offs in resumption strategies provide insight for design.},
keywords = {Augmented Reality, Full Paper, Honorable Mention},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Reliable augmented reality (AR) cues can support the resumption of interrupted tasks. We investigated how sub-optimal AR cue reliability (100%, 86%, 64%, or no cue) affected users’ resumption performance and strategies. In a between-subjects experiment, 120 participants conducted a physical sorting task including interruptions, and we manipulated AR cue reliability (i.e., the AR cue was present or absent at the end of interruptions). In trials with AR cue, performance with 86% and 64% reliable AR cues was as well as with 100% reliable cues. In trials without AR cue, performance with suboptimal AR cue reliability declined but was still better than with no cue. Cue reliability affected task resumption strategies of the 86% (slow but no increase in errors) and the 64% (fast but increase in errors) reliability groups differently. Our results extend reliability research to interruptions and the observed efficiency-thoroughness trade-offs in resumption strategies provide insight for design.
AR You on Track? Investigating Effects of Augmented Reality Anchoring on Dual-Task Performance While Walking
Julian Rasch (LMU Munich), Matthias Wilhalm (LMU Munich), Florian Müller (TU Darmstadt), Francesco Chiossi (LMU Munich)
Abstract | Tags: Augmented Reality, Full Paper | Links:
@inproceedings{Rasch2025ArTrack,
title = {AR You on Track? Investigating Effects of Augmented Reality Anchoring on Dual-Task Performance While Walking},
author = {Julian Rasch (LMU Munich), Matthias Wilhalm (LMU Munich), Florian Müller (TU Darmstadt), Francesco Chiossi (LMU Munich)},
url = {https://www.medien.ifi.lmu.de, website
https://de.linkedin.com/company/lmu-media-informatics-group, research group linkedin
https://www.linkedin.com/in/julian-rasch, author's linkedin},
doi = {10.1145/3706598.3714258},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-04-26},
urldate = {2025-04-26},
abstract = {With the increasing spread of head-mounted displays suitable for everyday use, interaction with information becomes ubiquitous, even while walking. However, this requires constant shifts of our attention between walking and interacting with virtual information in order to fulfill both tasks. Accordingly, we need a thorough understanding of the mutual influences of walking and interacting with digital information to design safe yet effective interactions. To do so, we systematically investigate the effects of different AR anchors (head, torso, hand) and task difficulties on user experience and performance. We engage participants (N=30) in a dual-task paradigm involving a visual working memory task while walking. We assessed the impact of dual-tasking on both virtual and walking performance, and subjective evaluations of mental and physical load. Our results show that head-anchored AR content least affected walking errors while allowing for fast and accurate virtual task interaction, while hand-anchored content increased reaction times and workload.},
keywords = {Augmented Reality, Full Paper},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
With the increasing spread of head-mounted displays suitable for everyday use, interaction with information becomes ubiquitous, even while walking. However, this requires constant shifts of our attention between walking and interacting with virtual information in order to fulfill both tasks. Accordingly, we need a thorough understanding of the mutual influences of walking and interacting with digital information to design safe yet effective interactions. To do so, we systematically investigate the effects of different AR anchors (head, torso, hand) and task difficulties on user experience and performance. We engage participants (N=30) in a dual-task paradigm involving a visual working memory task while walking. We assessed the impact of dual-tasking on both virtual and walking performance, and subjective evaluations of mental and physical load. Our results show that head-anchored AR content least affected walking errors while allowing for fast and accurate virtual task interaction, while hand-anchored content increased reaction times and workload.
Augmented Journeys: Interactive Points of Interest for In-Car Augmented Reality
Robin Connor Schramm (Mercedes-Benz Tech Motion GmbH, RheinMain University of Applied Sciences), Ginevra Fedrizzi (Mercedes-Benz Tech Motion GmbH), Markus Sasalovici (Mercedes-Benz Tech Motion GmbH, Ulm University), Jann Philipp Freiwald (Mercedes-Benz Tech Motion GmbH), Ulrich Schwanecke (RheinMain University of Applied Sciences)
Honorable MentionAbstract | Tags: Full Paper, Honorable Mention | Links:
@inproceedings{Schramm2025AugmentedJourneys,
title = {Augmented Journeys: Interactive Points of Interest for In-Car Augmented Reality},
author = {Robin Connor Schramm (Mercedes-Benz Tech Motion GmbH, RheinMain University of Applied Sciences), Ginevra Fedrizzi (Mercedes-Benz Tech Motion GmbH), Markus Sasalovici (Mercedes-Benz Tech Motion GmbH, Ulm University), Jann Philipp Freiwald (Mercedes-Benz Tech Motion GmbH), Ulrich Schwanecke (RheinMain University of Applied Sciences)},
url = {https://cvmr.info/, website
https://www.linkedin.com/in/robinschramm/, linkedin},
doi = {10.1145/3706598.3714323},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-04-26},
urldate = {2025-04-26},
abstract = {As passengers spend more time in vehicles, the demand for non-driving related tasks (NDRTs) increases. In-car Augmented Reality (AR) has the potential to enhance passenger experiences by enabling interaction with the environment through NDRTs using world-fixed Points of Interest (POIs). However, the effectiveness of existing interaction techniques and visualization methods for in-car AR remains unclear. Based on a survey (N=110) and a pre-study (N=10), we developed an interactive in-car AR system using a video see-through head-mounted display to engage with POIs via eye-gaze and pinch. Users could explore passed and upcoming POIs using three visualization techniques: List, Timeline, and Minimap. We evaluated the system's feasibility in a field study (N=21). Our findings indicate general acceptance of the system, with the List visualization being the preferred method for exploring POIs. Additionally, the study highlights limitations of current AR hardware, particularly the impact of vehicle movement on 3D interaction.},
keywords = {Full Paper, Honorable Mention},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
As passengers spend more time in vehicles, the demand for non-driving related tasks (NDRTs) increases. In-car Augmented Reality (AR) has the potential to enhance passenger experiences by enabling interaction with the environment through NDRTs using world-fixed Points of Interest (POIs). However, the effectiveness of existing interaction techniques and visualization methods for in-car AR remains unclear. Based on a survey (N=110) and a pre-study (N=10), we developed an interactive in-car AR system using a video see-through head-mounted display to engage with POIs via eye-gaze and pinch. Users could explore passed and upcoming POIs using three visualization techniques: List, Timeline, and Minimap. We evaluated the system's feasibility in a field study (N=21). Our findings indicate general acceptance of the system, with the List visualization being the preferred method for exploring POIs. Additionally, the study highlights limitations of current AR hardware, particularly the impact of vehicle movement on 3D interaction.
Blending the Worlds: An evaluation of World-Fixed Visual Appearances in Automotive Augmented Reality
Robin Connor Schramm (Mercedes-Benz Tech Motion GmbH, RheinMain University of Applied Sciences), Markus Sasalovici (Mercedes-Benz Tech Motion GmbH, Ulm University), Jann Philipp Freiwald (Mercedes-Benz Tech Motion GmbH), Michael Martin Otto (Mercedes-Benz AG), Melissa Reinelt (University of Stuttgart), Ulrich Schwanecke (RheinMain University of Applied Sciences)
Abstract | Tags: Full Paper | Links:
@inproceedings{Schramm2025BlendingWorlds,
title = {Blending the Worlds: An evaluation of World-Fixed Visual Appearances in Automotive Augmented Reality},
author = {Robin Connor Schramm (Mercedes-Benz Tech Motion GmbH, RheinMain University of Applied Sciences), Markus Sasalovici (Mercedes-Benz Tech Motion GmbH, Ulm University), Jann Philipp Freiwald (Mercedes-Benz Tech Motion GmbH), Michael Martin Otto (Mercedes-Benz AG), Melissa Reinelt (University of Stuttgart), Ulrich Schwanecke (RheinMain University of Applied Sciences)},
url = {https://cvmr.info/, website
https://www.linkedin.com/in/robinschramm/, linkedin},
doi = {10.1145/3706598.3713185},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-04-26},
urldate = {2025-04-26},
abstract = {With the transition to fully autonomous vehicles, non-driving related tasks (NDRTs) become increasingly important, allowing passengers to use their driving time more efficiently. In-car Augmented Reality (AR) gives the possibility to engage in NDRTs while also allowing passengers to engage with their surroundings, for example, by displaying world-fixed points of interest (POIs). This can lead to new discoveries, provide information about the environment, and improve locational awareness. To explore the optimal visualization of POIs using in-car AR, we conducted a field study (N = 38) examining six parameters: positioning, scaling, rotation, render distance, information density, and appearance. We also asked for intention of use, preferred seat positions and preferred automation level for the AR function in a post-study questionnaire. Our findings reveal user preferences and general acceptance of the AR functionality. Based on these results, we derived UX-guidelines for the visual appearance and behavior of location-based POIs in in-car AR.},
keywords = {Full Paper},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
With the transition to fully autonomous vehicles, non-driving related tasks (NDRTs) become increasingly important, allowing passengers to use their driving time more efficiently. In-car Augmented Reality (AR) gives the possibility to engage in NDRTs while also allowing passengers to engage with their surroundings, for example, by displaying world-fixed points of interest (POIs). This can lead to new discoveries, provide information about the environment, and improve locational awareness. To explore the optimal visualization of POIs using in-car AR, we conducted a field study (N = 38) examining six parameters: positioning, scaling, rotation, render distance, information density, and appearance. We also asked for intention of use, preferred seat positions and preferred automation level for the AR function in a post-study questionnaire. Our findings reveal user preferences and general acceptance of the AR functionality. Based on these results, we derived UX-guidelines for the visual appearance and behavior of location-based POIs in in-car AR.
Bumpy Ride? Understanding the Effects of External Forces on Spatial Interactions in Moving Vehicles
Markus Sasalovici (Mercedes-Benz Tech Motion GmbH, Ulm University), Albin Zeqiri (Ulm University), Robin Connor Schramm (Mercedes-Benz Tech Motion GmbH, RheinMain University of Applied Sciences), Oscar Javier Ariza Nunez (Mercedes-Benz Tech Motion GmbH), Pascal Jansen (Ulm University), Jann Philipp Freiwald (Mercedes-Benz Tech Motion GmbH), Mark Colley (Ulm University, UCL), Christian Winkler (Mercedes-Benz Tech Motion GmbH), Enrico Rukzio (Ulm University)
Abstract | Tags: Full Paper, Mixed Reality | Links:
@inproceedings{Sasalovici2025BumpyRide,
title = {Bumpy Ride? Understanding the Effects of External Forces on Spatial Interactions in Moving Vehicles},
author = {Markus Sasalovici (Mercedes-Benz Tech Motion GmbH, Ulm University), Albin Zeqiri (Ulm University), Robin Connor Schramm (Mercedes-Benz Tech Motion GmbH, RheinMain University of Applied Sciences), Oscar Javier Ariza Nunez (Mercedes-Benz Tech Motion GmbH), Pascal Jansen (Ulm University), Jann Philipp Freiwald (Mercedes-Benz Tech Motion GmbH), Mark Colley (Ulm University, UCL), Christian Winkler (Mercedes-Benz Tech Motion GmbH), Enrico Rukzio (Ulm University)},
url = {https://www.uni-ulm.de/en/in/mi/hci/, website
https://cloudstore.uni-ulm.de/s/MWfsPFrBzL93Z4m, teaser video
https://www.linkedin.com/in/markus-sasalovici-b979981a6/, linkedin},
doi = {10.1145/3706598.3714077},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-04-26},
urldate = {2025-04-26},
abstract = {As the use of Head-Mounted Displays in moving vehicles increases, passengers can immerse themselves in visual experiences independent of their physical environment. However, interaction methods are susceptible to physical motion, leading to input errors and reduced task performance. This work investigates the impact of G-forces, vibrations, and unpredictable maneuvers on 3D interaction methods. We conducted a field study with 24 participants in both stationary and moving vehicles to examine the effects of vehicle motion on four interaction methods: (1) Gaze&Pinch, (2) DirectTouch, (3) Handray, and (4) HeadGaze. Participants performed selections in a Fitts' Law task. Our findings reveal a significant effect of vehicle motion on interaction accuracy and duration across the tested combinations of Interaction Method x Road Type x Curve Type. We found a significant impact of movement on throughput, error rate, and perceived workload. Finally, we propose future research considerations and recommendations on interaction methods during vehicle movement.},
keywords = {Full Paper, Mixed Reality},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
As the use of Head-Mounted Displays in moving vehicles increases, passengers can immerse themselves in visual experiences independent of their physical environment. However, interaction methods are susceptible to physical motion, leading to input errors and reduced task performance. This work investigates the impact of G-forces, vibrations, and unpredictable maneuvers on 3D interaction methods. We conducted a field study with 24 participants in both stationary and moving vehicles to examine the effects of vehicle motion on four interaction methods: (1) Gaze&Pinch, (2) DirectTouch, (3) Handray, and (4) HeadGaze. Participants performed selections in a Fitts' Law task. Our findings reveal a significant effect of vehicle motion on interaction accuracy and duration across the tested combinations of Interaction Method x Road Type x Curve Type. We found a significant impact of movement on throughput, error rate, and perceived workload. Finally, we propose future research considerations and recommendations on interaction methods during vehicle movement.
Chartist: Task-driven Eye Movement Control for Chart Reading
Danqing Shi (Aalto University), Yao Wang (University of Stuttgart), Yunpeng Bai (National University of Singapore), Andreas Bulling (University of Stuttgart), Antti Oulasvirta (Aalto University)
Abstract | Tags: Full Paper | Links:
@inproceedings{Shi2025Chartist,
title = {Chartist: Task-driven Eye Movement Control for Chart Reading},
author = {Danqing Shi (Aalto University), Yao Wang (University of Stuttgart), Yunpeng Bai (National University of Singapore), Andreas Bulling (University of Stuttgart), Antti Oulasvirta (Aalto University)},
url = {https://www.collaborative-ai.org/, website
https://mastodon.social/@collaborativeai, mastadon
https://sdq.github.io/, github},
doi = {10.1145/3706598.3713128},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-04-26},
urldate = {2025-04-26},
abstract = {To design data visualizations that are easy to comprehend, we need to understand how people with different interests read them. Computational models of predicting scanpaths on charts could complement empirical studies by offering estimates of user performance inexpensively; however, previous models have been limited to gaze patterns and overlooked the effects of tasks. Here, we contribute Chartist, a computational model that simulates how users move their eyes to extract information from the chart in order to perform analysis tasks, including value retrieval, filtering, and finding extremes. The novel contribution lies in a two-level hierarchical control architecture. At the high level, the model uses LLMs to comprehend the information gained so far and applies this representation to select a goal for the lower-level controllers, which, in turn, move the eyes in accordance with a sampling policy learned via reinforcement learning. The model is capable of predicting human-like task-driven scanpaths across various tasks. It can be applied in fields such as explainable AI, visualization design evaluation, and optimization. While it displays limitations in terms of generalizability and accuracy, it takes modeling in a promising direction, toward understanding human behaviors in interacting with charts.},
keywords = {Full Paper},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
To design data visualizations that are easy to comprehend, we need to understand how people with different interests read them. Computational models of predicting scanpaths on charts could complement empirical studies by offering estimates of user performance inexpensively; however, previous models have been limited to gaze patterns and overlooked the effects of tasks. Here, we contribute Chartist, a computational model that simulates how users move their eyes to extract information from the chart in order to perform analysis tasks, including value retrieval, filtering, and finding extremes. The novel contribution lies in a two-level hierarchical control architecture. At the high level, the model uses LLMs to comprehend the information gained so far and applies this representation to select a goal for the lower-level controllers, which, in turn, move the eyes in accordance with a sampling policy learned via reinforcement learning. The model is capable of predicting human-like task-driven scanpaths across various tasks. It can be applied in fields such as explainable AI, visualization design evaluation, and optimization. While it displays limitations in terms of generalizability and accuracy, it takes modeling in a promising direction, toward understanding human behaviors in interacting with charts.
Closing the Loop between User Stories and GUI Prototypes: An LLM-Based Assistant for Cross-Functional Integration in Software Development
Felix Kretzer (human-centered systems lab, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology), Kristian Kolthoff (Institute for Software, Systems Engineering, Clausthal University of Technology), Christian Bartelt (Institute for Software, Systems Engineering, Clausthal University of Technology), Simone Paolo Ponzetto (Data, Web Science Group, University of Mannheim), Alexander Maedche (human-centered systems lab, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology)
Abstract | Tags: Full Paper, Writing & Coding Assistance | Links:
@inproceedings{Kretzer2025ClosingLoop,
title = {Closing the Loop between User Stories and GUI Prototypes: An LLM-Based Assistant for Cross-Functional Integration in Software Development},
author = {Felix Kretzer (human-centered systems lab, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology), Kristian Kolthoff (Institute for Software and Systems Engineering, Clausthal University of Technology), Christian Bartelt (Institute for Software and Systems Engineering, Clausthal University of Technology), Simone Paolo Ponzetto (Data and Web Science Group, University of Mannheim), Alexander Maedche (human-centered systems lab, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology)},
url = {https://h-lab.win.kit.edu/, website
https://www.linkedin.com/company/iism-kit, linkedin},
doi = {10.1145/3706598.3713932},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-04-26},
urldate = {2025-04-26},
abstract = {Graphical user interfaces (GUIs) are at the heart of almost every software we encounter. GUIs are often created through a collaborative effort involving UX designers, product owners, and software developers, constantly facing changing requirements. Historically, problems in GUI development include a fragmented, poorly integrated tool landscape and high synchronization efforts between stakeholders. Recent approaches suggest using large language models (LLMs) to recognize requirements fulfillment in GUIs and automatically propose new GUI components. Based on ten interviews with practitioners, this paper proposes an LLM-based assistant as a Figma plug-in that bridges the gap between user stories and GUI prototyping. We evaluated the prototype with 40 users and 40 crowd-workers, showing that the effectiveness of GUI creation is improved by using LLMs to detect requirements' completion and generate new GUI components. We derive design rationales to support cross-functional integration in software development, ensuring that our plug-in integrates well into established processes.},
keywords = {Full Paper, Writing & Coding Assistance},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Graphical user interfaces (GUIs) are at the heart of almost every software we encounter. GUIs are often created through a collaborative effort involving UX designers, product owners, and software developers, constantly facing changing requirements. Historically, problems in GUI development include a fragmented, poorly integrated tool landscape and high synchronization efforts between stakeholders. Recent approaches suggest using large language models (LLMs) to recognize requirements fulfillment in GUIs and automatically propose new GUI components. Based on ten interviews with practitioners, this paper proposes an LLM-based assistant as a Figma plug-in that bridges the gap between user stories and GUI prototyping. We evaluated the prototype with 40 users and 40 crowd-workers, showing that the effectiveness of GUI creation is improved by using LLMs to detect requirements' completion and generate new GUI components. We derive design rationales to support cross-functional integration in software development, ensuring that our plug-in integrates well into established processes.
Cognitive Integration of Delays: Anticipated System Delays Slow Down User Actions
Johanna Bogon (University of Regensburg), Sabrina Hößl (University of Regensburg), Christian Wolff (University of Regensburg), Niels Henze (University of Regensburg), David Halbhuber (University of Regensburg)
Abstract | Tags: Full Paper | Links:
@inproceedings{Bogon2025CognitiveIntegration,
title = {Cognitive Integration of Delays: Anticipated System Delays Slow Down User Actions},
author = {Johanna Bogon (University of Regensburg), Sabrina Hößl (University of Regensburg), Christian Wolff (University of Regensburg), Niels Henze (University of Regensburg), David Halbhuber (University of Regensburg)},
url = {www.linkedin.com/in/johannabogon, author's social media},
doi = {10.1145/3706598.3713475},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-04-26},
urldate = {2025-04-26},
abstract = {There are inevitably delays between user actions and system responses, which can increase task completion times. However, it remains unclear whether this is solely due to waiting times and compensation strategies, or whether users further slow down their actions because these delays become integrated into their cognitive action structures, as suggested by cognitive psychological theories. To explore this, we examined the effects of repeated exposure to delays during point-and-click tasks. Our findings demonstrate that longer system response delays significantly slow down users' actions, even before they experience the delayed feedback from the current input. This suggests that the user's cognitive system anticipates delays based on previous interactions and adjusts actions accordingly. These results emphasize the importance of minimizing systematic delays to maintain optimal user performance and highlight the potential for system properties to become embedded in users' cognitive action structures.},
keywords = {Full Paper},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
There are inevitably delays between user actions and system responses, which can increase task completion times. However, it remains unclear whether this is solely due to waiting times and compensation strategies, or whether users further slow down their actions because these delays become integrated into their cognitive action structures, as suggested by cognitive psychological theories. To explore this, we examined the effects of repeated exposure to delays during point-and-click tasks. Our findings demonstrate that longer system response delays significantly slow down users' actions, even before they experience the delayed feedback from the current input. This suggests that the user's cognitive system anticipates delays based on previous interactions and adjusts actions accordingly. These results emphasize the importance of minimizing systematic delays to maintain optimal user performance and highlight the potential for system properties to become embedded in users' cognitive action structures.
CollabJam: Studying Collaborative Haptic Experience Design for On-Body Vibrotactile Patterns
Dennis Wittchen (Dresden University of Applied Sciences), Alexander Ramian (Dresden University of Applied Sciences), Nihar Sabnis (Sensorimotor Interaction, Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarland Informatics Campus), Richard Böhme (Dresden University of Applied Sciences), Christopher Chlebowski (Dresden University of Applied Sciences), Georg Freitag (Dresden University of Applied Sciences), Bruno Fruchard (UMR 9189 - CRIStAL, Univ. Lille, Inria, CNRS), Donald Degraen (HIT Lab NZ, University of Canterbury)
Honorable MentionAbstract | Tags: Full Paper, Honorable Mention | Links:
@inproceedings{Wittchen2025Collabjam,
title = {CollabJam: Studying Collaborative Haptic Experience Design for On-Body Vibrotactile Patterns},
author = {Dennis Wittchen (Dresden University of Applied Sciences), Alexander Ramian (Dresden University of Applied Sciences), Nihar Sabnis (Sensorimotor Interaction, Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarland Informatics Campus), Richard Böhme (Dresden University of Applied Sciences), Christopher Chlebowski (Dresden University of Applied Sciences), Georg Freitag (Dresden University of Applied Sciences), Bruno Fruchard (UMR 9189 - CRIStAL, Univ. Lille, Inria, CNRS), Donald Degraen (HIT Lab NZ, University of Canterbury)},
url = {https://www.htw-dresden.de/mimig, website https://hci.social/@denniswittchen, author\\\'s hci.social},
doi = {10.1145/3706598.3713469},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-04-26},
urldate = {2025-04-26},
abstract = {Designing vibrotactile experiences collaboratively requires communicating using multiple senses. This is challenging in remote scenarios as designers need to effectively express and communicate their intention while iteratively building and refining experiences, ideally in real-time. We formulate design considerations for collaborative haptic design tools, and propose CollabJam, a collaborative prototyping suite enabling remote synchronous design of vibrotactile experiences for on-body applications. We first outline CollabJam’s features and present a technical evaluation. Second, we use CollabJam to understand communication and design patterns used during haptic experience design. We performed an in-depth design evaluation spanning four sessions in which four pairs of participants designed and reviewed vibrotactile experiences remotely. A qualitative content analysis revealed how multi-sensory communication is essential to convey ideas, how stimulating the tactile sense can interfere with personal boundaries, and how freely placing actuators on the skin can provide both benefits and challenges.},
keywords = {Full Paper, Honorable Mention},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Designing vibrotactile experiences collaboratively requires communicating using multiple senses. This is challenging in remote scenarios as designers need to effectively express and communicate their intention while iteratively building and refining experiences, ideally in real-time. We formulate design considerations for collaborative haptic design tools, and propose CollabJam, a collaborative prototyping suite enabling remote synchronous design of vibrotactile experiences for on-body applications. We first outline CollabJam’s features and present a technical evaluation. Second, we use CollabJam to understand communication and design patterns used during haptic experience design. We performed an in-depth design evaluation spanning four sessions in which four pairs of participants designed and reviewed vibrotactile experiences remotely. A qualitative content analysis revealed how multi-sensory communication is essential to convey ideas, how stimulating the tactile sense can interfere with personal boundaries, and how freely placing actuators on the skin can provide both benefits and challenges.
Content-Driven Local Response: Supporting Sentence-Level and Message-Level Mobile Email Replies With and Without AI
Tim Zindulka (University of Bayreuth), Sven Goller (University of Bayreuth), Florian Lehmann (University of Bayreuth), Daniel Buschek (University of Bayreuth)
Abstract | Tags: Full Paper, Writing & Coding Assistance | Links:
@inproceedings{Zindulka2025ContentdrivenLocal,
title = {Content-Driven Local Response: Supporting Sentence-Level and Message-Level Mobile Email Replies With and Without AI},
author = {Tim Zindulka (University of Bayreuth), Sven Goller (University of Bayreuth), Florian Lehmann (University of Bayreuth), Daniel Buschek (University of Bayreuth)},
url = {https://www.hciai.uni-bayreuth.de/en/index.html, website},
doi = {10.1145/3706598.3713890},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-04-26},
urldate = {2025-04-26},
abstract = {Mobile emailing demands efficiency in diverse situations, which motivates the use of AI. However, generated text does not always reflect how people want to respond. This challenges users with AI involvement tradeoffs not yet considered in email UIs. We address this with a new UI concept called Content-Driven Local Response (CDLR), inspired by microtasking. This allows users to insert responses into the email by selecting sentences, which additionally serves to guide AI suggestions. The concept supports combining AI for local suggestions and message-level improvements. Our user study (N=126) compared CDLR with manual typing and full reply generation. We found that CDLR supports flexible workflows with varying degrees of AI involvement, while retaining the benefits of reduced typing and errors. This work contributes a new approach to integrating AI capabilities: By redesigning the UI for workflows with and without AI, we can empower users to dynamically adjust AI involvement.},
keywords = {Full Paper, Writing & Coding Assistance},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Mobile emailing demands efficiency in diverse situations, which motivates the use of AI. However, generated text does not always reflect how people want to respond. This challenges users with AI involvement tradeoffs not yet considered in email UIs. We address this with a new UI concept called Content-Driven Local Response (CDLR), inspired by microtasking. This allows users to insert responses into the email by selecting sentences, which additionally serves to guide AI suggestions. The concept supports combining AI for local suggestions and message-level improvements. Our user study (N=126) compared CDLR with manual typing and full reply generation. We found that CDLR supports flexible workflows with varying degrees of AI involvement, while retaining the benefits of reduced typing and errors. This work contributes a new approach to integrating AI capabilities: By redesigning the UI for workflows with and without AI, we can empower users to dynamically adjust AI involvement.
CorpusStudio: Surfacing Emergent Patterns In A Corpus Of Prior Work While Writing
Hai Dang (University of Bayreuth), Chelse Swoopes (Harvard University), Daniel Buschek (University of Bayreuth), Elena L. Glassman (Harvard University)
Abstract | Tags: Full Paper, Writing & Coding Assistance | Links:
@inproceedings{Dang2025Corpusstudio,
title = {CorpusStudio: Surfacing Emergent Patterns In A Corpus Of Prior Work While Writing},
author = {Hai Dang (University of Bayreuth), Chelse Swoopes (Harvard University), Daniel Buschek (University of Bayreuth), Elena L. Glassman (Harvard University)},
url = {https://www.hciai.uni-bayreuth.de/en/index.html, website},
doi = {10.1145/3706598.3713974},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-04-26},
urldate = {2025-04-26},
abstract = {Many communities, including the scientific community, develop implicit writing norms. Understanding them is crucial for effective communication with that community. Writers gradually develop an implicit understanding of norms by reading papers and receiving feedback on their writing. However, it is difficult to both externalize this knowledge and apply it to one's own writing. We propose two new writing support concepts that reify document and sentence-level patterns in a given text corpus: (1) an ordered distribution over section titles and (2) given the user's draft and cursor location, many retrieved contextually relevant sentences. Recurring words in the latter are algorithmically highlighted to help users see any emergent norms. Study results (N=16) show that participants revised the structure and content using these concepts, gaining confidence in aligning with or breaking norms after reviewing many examples. These results demonstrate the value of reifying distributions over other authors’ writing choices during the writing process.},
keywords = {Full Paper, Writing & Coding Assistance},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Many communities, including the scientific community, develop implicit writing norms. Understanding them is crucial for effective communication with that community. Writers gradually develop an implicit understanding of norms by reading papers and receiving feedback on their writing. However, it is difficult to both externalize this knowledge and apply it to one's own writing. We propose two new writing support concepts that reify document and sentence-level patterns in a given text corpus: (1) an ordered distribution over section titles and (2) given the user's draft and cursor location, many retrieved contextually relevant sentences. Recurring words in the latter are algorithmically highlighted to help users see any emergent norms. Study results (N=16) show that participants revised the structure and content using these concepts, gaining confidence in aligning with or breaking norms after reviewing many examples. These results demonstrate the value of reifying distributions over other authors’ writing choices during the writing process.
CreepyCoCreator? Investigating AI Representation Modes for 3D Object Co-Creation in Virtual Reality
Julian Rasch (LMU Munich), Julia Töws (Saarland University), Teresa Hirzle (University of Copenhagen), Florian Müller (TU Darmstadt), Martin Schmitz (Saarland University)
Abstract | Tags: Full Paper, Virtual Reality | Links:
@inproceedings{Rasch2025CreepycocreatorInvestigating,
title = {CreepyCoCreator? Investigating AI Representation Modes for 3D Object Co-Creation in Virtual Reality},
author = {Julian Rasch (LMU Munich), Julia Töws (Saarland University), Teresa Hirzle (University of Copenhagen), Florian Müller (TU Darmstadt), Martin Schmitz (Saarland University)},
url = {https://hci.cs.uni-saarland.de, website
https://www.linkedin.com/company/saarhcilab/, linkedin},
doi = {10.1145/3706598.3713720},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-04-26},
urldate = {2025-04-26},
abstract = {Generative AI in Virtual Reality offers the potential for collaborative object-building, yet challenges remain in aligning AI contributions with user expectations. In particular, users often struggle to understand and collaborate with AI when its actions are not transparently represented. This paper thus explores the co-creative object-building process through a Wizard-of-Oz study, focusing on how AI can effectively convey its intent to users during object customization in Virtual Reality. Inspired by human-to-human collaboration, we focus on three representation modes: the presence of an embodied avatar, whether the AI’s contributions are visualized immediately or incrementally, and whether the areas modified are highlighted in advance. The findings provide insights into how these factors affect user perception and interaction with object-generating AI tools in Virtual Reality as well as satisfaction and ownership of the created objects. The results offer design implications for co-creative world-building systems, aiming to foster more effective and satisfying collaborations between humans and AI in Virtual Reality.},
keywords = {Full Paper, Virtual Reality},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Generative AI in Virtual Reality offers the potential for collaborative object-building, yet challenges remain in aligning AI contributions with user expectations. In particular, users often struggle to understand and collaborate with AI when its actions are not transparently represented. This paper thus explores the co-creative object-building process through a Wizard-of-Oz study, focusing on how AI can effectively convey its intent to users during object customization in Virtual Reality. Inspired by human-to-human collaboration, we focus on three representation modes: the presence of an embodied avatar, whether the AI’s contributions are visualized immediately or incrementally, and whether the areas modified are highlighted in advance. The findings provide insights into how these factors affect user perception and interaction with object-generating AI tools in Virtual Reality as well as satisfaction and ownership of the created objects. The results offer design implications for co-creative world-building systems, aiming to foster more effective and satisfying collaborations between humans and AI in Virtual Reality.
Curious Shorts: Curiosity-Driven Exploration and Learning on Short-Form Video Platforms
Felicia Fang-Yi Tan (National University of Singapore), Ashwin Ram (Saarland University), Moritz A. Messerschmidt (National University of Singapore), Hasini A. Dissanayake (National University of Singapore), Suranga Nanayakkara (National University of Singapore)
Abstract | Tags: Full Paper, Understanding People | Links:
@inproceedings{Tan2025CuriousShorts,
title = {Curious Shorts: Curiosity-Driven Exploration and Learning on Short-Form Video Platforms},
author = {Felicia Fang-Yi Tan (National University of Singapore), Ashwin Ram (Saarland University), Moritz A. Messerschmidt (National University of Singapore), Hasini A. Dissanayake (National University of Singapore), Suranga Nanayakkara (National University of Singapore)},
url = {https://hci.cs.uni-saarland.de/, website },
doi = {10.1145/3706598.3713951},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-04-26},
urldate = {2025-04-26},
abstract = {Short-form video platforms like YouTube Shorts captivate users with engaging content, but their potential for promoting incidental learning remains underexplored. We present Curious Shorts, a conceptual framework that extends the Hook Model, designed to enhance curiosity-driven exploration and incidental learning on these platforms. In Study 1, we empirically tested two designs that incorporate "curiosity nudges" — interactive prompts that spark curiosity and encourage further exploration — with follow-up videos to satisfy that curiosity. Results show that specific, question-driven prompts proved most effective, significantly boosting curiosity and encouraging more focused and intentional viewing compared to the baseline. Study 2 examined whether this design enhances incidental learning without compromising engagement. Findings confirmed improved learning outcomes. However, when applied to a realistic viewing environment interspersed with entertainment videos, engagement remained high while learning benefits diminished. We conclude with implications for balancing learning and engagement on short-form video platforms and propose directions for future research.},
keywords = {Full Paper, Understanding People},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Short-form video platforms like YouTube Shorts captivate users with engaging content, but their potential for promoting incidental learning remains underexplored. We present Curious Shorts, a conceptual framework that extends the Hook Model, designed to enhance curiosity-driven exploration and incidental learning on these platforms. In Study 1, we empirically tested two designs that incorporate "curiosity nudges" — interactive prompts that spark curiosity and encourage further exploration — with follow-up videos to satisfy that curiosity. Results show that specific, question-driven prompts proved most effective, significantly boosting curiosity and encouraging more focused and intentional viewing compared to the baseline. Study 2 examined whether this design enhances incidental learning without compromising engagement. Findings confirmed improved learning outcomes. However, when applied to a realistic viewing environment interspersed with entertainment videos, engagement remained high while learning benefits diminished. We conclude with implications for balancing learning and engagement on short-form video platforms and propose directions for future research.
Cyber Threat Awareness, Protective Measures and Communication Preferences in Germany: Implications from Three Representative Surveys (2021-2024)
Marc-André Kaufhold (PEASEC, TU Darmstadt), Julian Bäumler (PEASEC, TU Darmstadt), Marius Bajorski (PEASEC, TU Darmstadt), Christian Reuter (PEASEC, TU Darmstadt)
Abstract | Tags: Full Paper, Security | Links:
@inproceedings{Kaufhold2025CyberThreat,
title = {Cyber Threat Awareness, Protective Measures and Communication Preferences in Germany: Implications from Three Representative Surveys (2021-2024)},
author = {Marc-André Kaufhold (PEASEC, TU Darmstadt), Julian Bäumler (PEASEC, TU Darmstadt), Marius Bajorski (PEASEC, TU Darmstadt), Christian Reuter (PEASEC, TU Darmstadt)},
url = {https://peasec.de/, website
https://www.linkedin.com/company/peasecde/, linkedin
https://bsky.app/profile/peasec.de, bsky},
doi = {10.1145/3706598.3713795},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-04-26},
urldate = {2025-04-26},
abstract = {In light of the increasing vulnerability of citizens against cyberattacks, we conducted three representative surveys with German citizens in 2021 (N=1,093), 2023 (N=1,011), and 2024 (N=1,004) to examine their cyber threat awareness, use of protective security measures, and preferred information channels. While our findings attest large proportions of the German population a high level of cyber threat awareness, many citizens feel inadequately informed about coping with cyberattacks and show little confidence in German security authorities to protect citizens and infrastructures. While age correlated with citizens' awareness and behavior, we only saw minor temporal differences between datasets. Finally, we provide design and policy implications for enhancing citizens' awareness of cyber threats and implementing security measures.},
keywords = {Full Paper, Security},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
In light of the increasing vulnerability of citizens against cyberattacks, we conducted three representative surveys with German citizens in 2021 (N=1,093), 2023 (N=1,011), and 2024 (N=1,004) to examine their cyber threat awareness, use of protective security measures, and preferred information channels. While our findings attest large proportions of the German population a high level of cyber threat awareness, many citizens feel inadequately informed about coping with cyberattacks and show little confidence in German security authorities to protect citizens and infrastructures. While age correlated with citizens' awareness and behavior, we only saw minor temporal differences between datasets. Finally, we provide design and policy implications for enhancing citizens' awareness of cyber threats and implementing security measures.
Designing Effective Consent Mechanisms for Spontaneous Interactions in Augmented Reality
Maximiliane Windl (LMU Munich, Munich Center for Machine Learning (MCML)), Petra Zsofia Laboda (LMU Munich), Sven Mayer (LMU Munich)
Abstract | Tags: Full Paper, Privacy | Links:
@inproceedings{Windl2025DesigningEffective,
title = {Designing Effective Consent Mechanisms for Spontaneous Interactions in Augmented Reality},
author = {Maximiliane Windl (LMU Munich, Munich Center for Machine Learning (MCML)), Petra Zsofia Laboda (LMU Munich), Sven Mayer (LMU Munich)},
url = {https://www.medien.ifi.lmu.de/index.xhtml.en, website
https://www.linkedin.com/company/lmu-media-informatics-group, research group linkedin
https://www.linkedin.com/in/maximiliane-windl/, author's linkedin},
doi = {10.1145/3706598.3713519},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-04-26},
urldate = {2025-04-26},
abstract = {Ubiquitous computing devices like Augmented Reality (AR) glasses allow countless spontaneous interactions - all serving different goals. AR devices rely on data transfer to personalize recommendations and adapt to the user. Today's consent mechanisms, such as privacy policies, are suitable for long-lasting interactions; however, how users can consent to fast, spontaneous interactions is unclear. We first conducted two focus groups (N=17) to identify privacy-relevant scenarios in AR. We then conducted expert interviews (N=11) with co-design activities to establish effective consent mechanisms. Based on that, we contribute (1) a validated scenario taxonomy to define privacy-relevant AR interaction scenarios, (2) a flowchart to decide on the type of mechanisms considering contextual factors, (3) a design continuum and design aspects chart to create the mechanisms, and (4) a trade-off and prediction chart to evaluate the mechanism. Thus, we contribute a conceptual framework fostering a privacy-preserving future with AR.},
keywords = {Full Paper, Privacy},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Ubiquitous computing devices like Augmented Reality (AR) glasses allow countless spontaneous interactions - all serving different goals. AR devices rely on data transfer to personalize recommendations and adapt to the user. Today's consent mechanisms, such as privacy policies, are suitable for long-lasting interactions; however, how users can consent to fast, spontaneous interactions is unclear. We first conducted two focus groups (N=17) to identify privacy-relevant scenarios in AR. We then conducted expert interviews (N=11) with co-design activities to establish effective consent mechanisms. Based on that, we contribute (1) a validated scenario taxonomy to define privacy-relevant AR interaction scenarios, (2) a flowchart to decide on the type of mechanisms considering contextual factors, (3) a design continuum and design aspects chart to create the mechanisms, and (4) a trade-off and prediction chart to evaluate the mechanism. Thus, we contribute a conceptual framework fostering a privacy-preserving future with AR.
Developing and Validating the Perceived System Curiosity Scale (PSC): Measuring Users' Perceived Curiosity of Systems
Jan Leusmann (LMU Munich), Steeven Villa (LMU Munich), Burak Berberoglu (LMU Munich), Chao Wang (Honda Research Institute Europe), Sven Mayer (LMU Munich)
Honorable MentionAbstract | Tags: Full Paper, Honorable Mention, Robotics | Links:
@inproceedings{Leusmann2025DevelopingValidating,
title = {Developing and Validating the Perceived System Curiosity Scale (PSC): Measuring Users' Perceived Curiosity of Systems},
author = {Jan Leusmann (LMU Munich), Steeven Villa (LMU Munich), Burak Berberoglu (LMU Munich), Chao Wang (Honda Research Institute Europe), Sven Mayer (LMU Munich)},
url = {https://www.medien.ifi.lmu.de/, website https://www.linkedin.com/search/results/all/?fetchDeterministicClustersOnly=true&heroEntityKey=urn%3Ali%3Aorganization%3A93636029&keywords=lmu%20media%20informatics%20group&origin=RICH_QUERY_SUGGESTION&position=1&searchId=730aeabf-245a-4e69-af0b-ee7df6bed910&sid=GuZ&spellCorrectionEnabled=false, lab\\\'s linkedin
https://www.linkedin.com/in/jan-leusmann/, author\\\'s linkedin},
doi = {10.1145/3706598.3713087},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-04-26},
urldate = {2025-04-26},
abstract = {Like humans, today's systems, such as robots and voice assistants, can express curiosity to learn and engage with their surroundings. While curiosity is a well-established human trait that enhances social connections and drives learning, no existing scales assess the perceived curiosity of systems. Thus, we introduce the Perceived System Curiosity (PSC) scale to determine how users perceive curious systems. We followed a standardized process of developing and validating scales, resulting in a validated 12-item scale with 3 individual sub-scales measuring explorative, investigative, and social dimensions of system curiosity. In total, we generated 831 items based on literature and recruited 414 participants for item selection and 320 additional participants for scale validation. Our results show that the PSC scale has inter-item reliability and convergent and construct validity. Thus, this scale provides an instrument to explore how perceived curiosity influences interactions with technical systems systematically.},
keywords = {Full Paper, Honorable Mention, Robotics},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Like humans, today's systems, such as robots and voice assistants, can express curiosity to learn and engage with their surroundings. While curiosity is a well-established human trait that enhances social connections and drives learning, no existing scales assess the perceived curiosity of systems. Thus, we introduce the Perceived System Curiosity (PSC) scale to determine how users perceive curious systems. We followed a standardized process of developing and validating scales, resulting in a validated 12-item scale with 3 individual sub-scales measuring explorative, investigative, and social dimensions of system curiosity. In total, we generated 831 items based on literature and recruited 414 participants for item selection and 320 additional participants for scale validation. Our results show that the PSC scale has inter-item reliability and convergent and construct validity. Thus, this scale provides an instrument to explore how perceived curiosity influences interactions with technical systems systematically.
Documents in Your Hands: Exploring Interaction Techniques for Spatial Arrangement of Augmented Reality Documents
Weizhou Luo (Interactive Media Lab Dresden, TUD Dresden University of Technology), Mats Ole Ellenberg (Interactive Media Lab Dresden, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Centre for Tactile Internet with Human-in-the-Loop (CeTI), TUD Dresden University of Technology), Marc Satkowski (Interactive Media Lab Dresden, TUD Dresden University of Technology), Raimund Dachselt (Interactive Media Lab Dresden, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Centre for Tactile Internet with Human-in-the-Loop (CeTI), TUD Dresden University of Technology, Centre for Scalable Data Analytics, Artificial Intelligence (ScaDS.AI), Dresden/Leipzig)
Abstract | Tags: Full Paper, Mixed Reality | Links:
@inproceedings{Luo2025DocumentsYour,
title = {Documents in Your Hands: Exploring Interaction Techniques for Spatial Arrangement of Augmented Reality Documents},
author = {Weizhou Luo (Interactive Media Lab Dresden, TUD Dresden University of Technology), Mats Ole Ellenberg (Interactive Media Lab Dresden, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Centre for Tactile Internet with Human-in-the-Loop (CeTI), TUD Dresden University of Technology), Marc Satkowski (Interactive Media Lab Dresden, TUD Dresden University of Technology), Raimund Dachselt (Interactive Media Lab Dresden, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Centre for Tactile Internet with Human-in-the-Loop (CeTI), TUD Dresden University of Technology, Centre for Scalable Data Analytics and Artificial Intelligence (ScaDS.AI), Dresden/Leipzig)},
url = {https://drive.google.com/file/d/1zlcyKIexrXMUVfsb5umWsOWmFkDzLopY/view?usp=share_link, full video
https://imld.de/en/, website
https://de.linkedin.com/company/interactive-media-lab-dresden, research group linkedin
https://de.linkedin.com/in/weizhou-luo-8ab457bb, author linkedin},
doi = {10.1145/3706598.3713518},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-04-26},
urldate = {2025-04-26},
abstract = {Augmented Reality (AR) promises to enhance daily office activities involving numerous textual documents, slides, and spreadsheets by expanding workspaces and enabling more direct interaction. However, there is a lack of systematic understanding of how knowledge workers can manage multiple documents and organize, explore, and compare them in AR environments. Therefore, we conducted a user-centered design study (N = 21) using predefined spatial document layouts in AR to elicit interaction techniques, resulting in 790 observation notes. Thematic analysis identified various interaction methods for aggregating, distributing, transforming, inspecting, and navigating document collections. Based on these findings, we propose a design space and distill design implications for AR document arrangement systems, such as enabling body-anchored storage, facilitating layout spreading and compressing, and designing interactions for layout transformation. To demonstrate their usage, we developed a rapid prototyping system and exemplify three envisioned scenarios. With this, we aim to inspire the design of future immersive offices.},
keywords = {Full Paper, Mixed Reality},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Augmented Reality (AR) promises to enhance daily office activities involving numerous textual documents, slides, and spreadsheets by expanding workspaces and enabling more direct interaction. However, there is a lack of systematic understanding of how knowledge workers can manage multiple documents and organize, explore, and compare them in AR environments. Therefore, we conducted a user-centered design study (N = 21) using predefined spatial document layouts in AR to elicit interaction techniques, resulting in 790 observation notes. Thematic analysis identified various interaction methods for aggregating, distributing, transforming, inspecting, and navigating document collections. Based on these findings, we propose a design space and distill design implications for AR document arrangement systems, such as enabling body-anchored storage, facilitating layout spreading and compressing, and designing interactions for layout transformation. To demonstrate their usage, we developed a rapid prototyping system and exemplify three envisioned scenarios. With this, we aim to inspire the design of future immersive offices.
Effects of Visual Modality on Conversations with Interactive Digital Testimonies: Preparing for the Post-Witness Era
Daniel Kolb (Leibniz Supercomputing Centre), Simona Maiolo (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität), Patricia Maier (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität), Fabio Genz (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität), Simone Müller (Leibniz Supercomputing Centre), Dieter Kranzlmüller (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität)
Abstract | Tags: Full Paper | Links:
@inproceedings{Kolb2025EffectsVisual,
title = {Effects of Visual Modality on Conversations with Interactive Digital Testimonies: Preparing for the Post-Witness Era},
author = {Daniel Kolb (Leibniz Supercomputing Centre), Simona Maiolo (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität), Patricia Maier (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität), Fabio Genz (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität), Simone Müller (Leibniz Supercomputing Centre), Dieter Kranzlmüller (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität)},
url = {https://www.linkedin.com/company/leibniz-rechenzentrum-der-bayerischen-akademie-der-wissenschaften/posts/?feedView=all, research group linkedin
https://www.linkedin.com/in/daniel-kolb-999628129/, author\\\\\\\'s linkedin},
doi = {10.1145/3706598.371311},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-04-26},
urldate = {2025-04-26},
abstract = {Interactive Digital Testimonies (IDTs) allow users to learn virtually about the life stories of contemporary witnesses as recounted by the witnesses themselves. Although several IDTs have been created in recent years, there is little empirical research on their effects on users. We investigated how different levels of visual modality (audio-only, audio-visual 2D, audio-visual stereoscopic 3D) affect user perception by conducting two separate mixed-methods studies: A 2x2 between-subjects study comparing audio-only with audio-visual 2D in in-person and online settings (n = 82) and a within-subjects study comparing audio-visual 2D with audio-visual stereoscopic 3D (n = 51). We found that audio-visual 2D improves user experience, immersion, and perceived authenticity over audio-only versions. Audio-visual 3D IDTs are more authentic and immersive than audio-visual 2D IDTs, however, this is diminished by a less comfortable interaction. Our findings broaden empirical research on user perception of realistic Embodied Conversational Agents and help guide future thanatosensitive designs.},
keywords = {Full Paper},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Interactive Digital Testimonies (IDTs) allow users to learn virtually about the life stories of contemporary witnesses as recounted by the witnesses themselves. Although several IDTs have been created in recent years, there is little empirical research on their effects on users. We investigated how different levels of visual modality (audio-only, audio-visual 2D, audio-visual stereoscopic 3D) affect user perception by conducting two separate mixed-methods studies: A 2x2 between-subjects study comparing audio-only with audio-visual 2D in in-person and online settings (n = 82) and a within-subjects study comparing audio-visual 2D with audio-visual stereoscopic 3D (n = 51). We found that audio-visual 2D improves user experience, immersion, and perceived authenticity over audio-only versions. Audio-visual 3D IDTs are more authentic and immersive than audio-visual 2D IDTs, however, this is diminished by a less comfortable interaction. Our findings broaden empirical research on user perception of realistic Embodied Conversational Agents and help guide future thanatosensitive designs.
Estimating Detection Thresholds of Being Looked at in Virtual Reality for Avatar Redirection
Ephraim Schott (Bauhaus-Universität Weimar), Irene López García (Bauhaus-Universität Weimar), Lauren August Semple (Bauhaus-Universität Weimar), Bernd Froehlich (Bauhaus-Universität Weimar)
Abstract | Tags: Full Paper | Links:
@inproceedings{Schott2025EstimatingDetection,
title = {Estimating Detection Thresholds of Being Looked at in Virtual Reality for Avatar Redirection},
author = {Ephraim Schott (Bauhaus-Universität Weimar), Irene López García (Bauhaus-Universität Weimar), Lauren August Semple (Bauhaus-Universität Weimar), Bernd Froehlich (Bauhaus-Universität Weimar)},
url = {www.uni-weimar.de/vr, website
https://youtu.be/O5JVqcRCTbs, full video
https://www.linkedin.com/in/ephraim-schott-682217173, author's linkedin},
doi = {10.1145/3706598.3714041},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-04-25},
urldate = {2025-04-25},
abstract = {The human face and eyes provide crucial conversational cues about a person’s focus of attention. In virtual reality applications, avatar faces are typically simplified, and eye movements often neglected. This paper explores how VR users perceive the look-at direction of other avatars and estimates the range within which an avatar’s averted gaze goes unnoticed. Through two-alternative forced choice experiments, we investigate different gaze offsets to quantify thresholds for perceived gaze aversion across three conditions: gaze side (left/right), stimulus duration, and avatar distance. Additionally, we assess the impact of averted gaze on social presence during interactions with an embodied conversational agent in a social game. A user study (N=40) revealed that social presence is significantly affected by averted gaze when noticed, and that detection thresholds are particularly impacted by stimuli duration and interactions between side and distance. Our findings provide a foundation for understanding gaze perception in social virtual reality.},
keywords = {Full Paper},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
The human face and eyes provide crucial conversational cues about a person’s focus of attention. In virtual reality applications, avatar faces are typically simplified, and eye movements often neglected. This paper explores how VR users perceive the look-at direction of other avatars and estimates the range within which an avatar’s averted gaze goes unnoticed. Through two-alternative forced choice experiments, we investigate different gaze offsets to quantify thresholds for perceived gaze aversion across three conditions: gaze side (left/right), stimulus duration, and avatar distance. Additionally, we assess the impact of averted gaze on social presence during interactions with an embodied conversational agent in a social game. A user study (N=40) revealed that social presence is significantly affected by averted gaze when noticed, and that detection thresholds are particularly impacted by stimuli duration and interactions between side and distance. Our findings provide a foundation for understanding gaze perception in social virtual reality.
ExoKit: A Toolkit for Rapid Prototyping of Interactions for Arm-based Exoskeletons
Marie Muehlhaus (Saarland University), Alexander Liggesmeyer (Saarland University), Jürgen Steimle (Saarland University)
Abstract | Tags: Full Paper, Robotics | Links:
@inproceedings{Muehlhaus2025Exokit,
title = {ExoKit: A Toolkit for Rapid Prototyping of Interactions for Arm-based Exoskeletons},
author = {Marie Muehlhaus (Saarland University), Alexander Liggesmeyer (Saarland University), Jürgen Steimle (Saarland University)},
url = {https://hci.cs.uni-saarland.de, website
https://www.linkedin.com/company/saarhcilab/, research group linkedin
https://www.linkedin.com/in/marie-mühlhaus-21b2b8202/, author's linkedin},
doi = {10.1145/3706598.3713815},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-04-26},
urldate = {2025-04-26},
abstract = {Exoskeletons open up a unique interaction space that seamlessly integrates users' body movements with robotic actuation. Despite its potential, human-exoskeleton interaction remains an underexplored area in HCI, largely due to the lack of accessible prototyping tools that enable designers to easily develop exoskeleton designs and customized interactive behaviors. We present ExoKit, a do-it-yourself toolkit for rapid prototyping of low-fidelity, functional exoskeletons targeted at novice roboticists. ExoKit includes modular hardware components for sensing and actuating shoulder and elbow joints, which are easy to fabricate and (re)configure for customized functionality and wearability. To simplify the programming of interactive behaviors, we propose functional abstractions that encapsulate high-level human-exoskeleton interactions. These can be readily accessed either through ExoKit’s command-line or graphical user interface, a Processing library, or microcontroller firmware, each targeted at different experience levels. Findings from implemented application cases and two usage studies demonstrate the versatility and accessibility of ExoKit for early-stage interaction design.},
keywords = {Full Paper, Robotics},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Exoskeletons open up a unique interaction space that seamlessly integrates users' body movements with robotic actuation. Despite its potential, human-exoskeleton interaction remains an underexplored area in HCI, largely due to the lack of accessible prototyping tools that enable designers to easily develop exoskeleton designs and customized interactive behaviors. We present ExoKit, a do-it-yourself toolkit for rapid prototyping of low-fidelity, functional exoskeletons targeted at novice roboticists. ExoKit includes modular hardware components for sensing and actuating shoulder and elbow joints, which are easy to fabricate and (re)configure for customized functionality and wearability. To simplify the programming of interactive behaviors, we propose functional abstractions that encapsulate high-level human-exoskeleton interactions. These can be readily accessed either through ExoKit’s command-line or graphical user interface, a Processing library, or microcontroller firmware, each targeted at different experience levels. Findings from implemented application cases and two usage studies demonstrate the versatility and accessibility of ExoKit for early-stage interaction design.
Exploring Mobile Touch Interaction with Large Language Models
Tim Zindulka (University of Bayreuth), Jannek Sekowski (University of Bayreuth), Florian Lehmann (University of Bayreuth), Daniel Buschek (University of Bayreuth)
Abstract | Tags: Full Paper, Writing & Coding Assistance | Links:
@inproceedings{Zindulka2025ExploringMobile,
title = {Exploring Mobile Touch Interaction with Large Language Models},
author = {Tim Zindulka (University of Bayreuth), Jannek Sekowski (University of Bayreuth), Florian Lehmann (University of Bayreuth), Daniel Buschek (University of Bayreuth)},
url = {https://www.hciai.uni-bayreuth.de/en/index.html, website},
doi = {10.1145/3706598.3713554},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-04-26},
urldate = {2025-04-26},
abstract = {Interacting with Large Language Models (LLMs) for text editing on mobile devices currently requires users to break out of their writing environment and switch to a conversational AI interface. In this paper, we propose to control the LLM via touch gestures performed directly on the text. We first chart a design space that covers fundamental touch input and text transformations. In this space, we then concretely explore two control mappings: spread-to-generate and pinch-to-shorten, with visual feedback loops. We evaluate this concept in a user study (N=14) that compares three feedback designs: no visualisation, text length indicator, and length + word indicator. The results demonstrate that touch-based control of LLMs is both feasible and user-friendly, with the length + word indicator proving most effective for managing text generation. This work lays the foundation for further research into gesture-based interaction with LLMs on touch devices.},
keywords = {Full Paper, Writing & Coding Assistance},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Interacting with Large Language Models (LLMs) for text editing on mobile devices currently requires users to break out of their writing environment and switch to a conversational AI interface. In this paper, we propose to control the LLM via touch gestures performed directly on the text. We first chart a design space that covers fundamental touch input and text transformations. In this space, we then concretely explore two control mappings: spread-to-generate and pinch-to-shorten, with visual feedback loops. We evaluate this concept in a user study (N=14) that compares three feedback designs: no visualisation, text length indicator, and length + word indicator. The results demonstrate that touch-based control of LLMs is both feasible and user-friendly, with the length + word indicator proving most effective for managing text generation. This work lays the foundation for further research into gesture-based interaction with LLMs on touch devices.
Exploring the Effect of Music on User Typing and Identification through Keystroke Dynamics
Lukas Mecke (LMU Munich, University of the Bundeswehr Munich), Assem Mamoud ( German University in Cairo), Simon Marat (LMU Munich), Florian Alt (LMU Munich, University of the Bundeswehr Munich)
Abstract | Tags: Full Paper, Security | Links:
@inproceedings{Mecke2025ExploringEffect,
title = {Exploring the Effect of Music on User Typing and Identification through Keystroke Dynamics},
author = {Lukas Mecke (LMU Munich, University of the Bundeswehr Munich), Assem Mamoud ( German University in Cairo), Simon Marat (LMU Munich), Florian Alt (LMU Munich, University of the Bundeswehr Munich)},
doi = {10.1145/3706598.3713222},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-04-26},
urldate = {2025-04-26},
abstract = {This paper explores the relationship between music and keyboard typing behavior. In particular, we focus on how it affects keystroke-based authentication systems. To this end, we conducted an online experiment (N=43), where participants were asked to replicate paragraphs of text while listening to music at varying tempos and loudness levels across two sessions. Our findings reveal that listening to music leads to more errors and faster typing if the music is fast. Identification through a biometric model was improved when music was played either during its training or testing. This hints at the potential of music for increasing identification performance and a tradeoff between this benefit and user distraction. Overall, our research sheds light on typing behavior and introduces music as a subtle and effective tool to influence user typing behavior in the context of keystroke-based authentication.},
keywords = {Full Paper, Security},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
This paper explores the relationship between music and keyboard typing behavior. In particular, we focus on how it affects keystroke-based authentication systems. To this end, we conducted an online experiment (N=43), where participants were asked to replicate paragraphs of text while listening to music at varying tempos and loudness levels across two sessions. Our findings reveal that listening to music leads to more errors and faster typing if the music is fast. Identification through a biometric model was improved when music was played either during its training or testing. This hints at the potential of music for increasing identification performance and a tradeoff between this benefit and user distraction. Overall, our research sheds light on typing behavior and introduces music as a subtle and effective tool to influence user typing behavior in the context of keystroke-based authentication.
Fly Away: Evaluating the Impact of Motion Fidelity on Optimized User Interface Design via Bayesian Optimization in Automated Urban Air Mobility Simulations
Luca-Maxim Meinhardt (Ulm University), Clara Schramm (Ulm University), Pascal Jansen (Ulm University), Mark Colley (Ulm University, UCL), Enrico Rukzio (Ulm University)
Abstract | Tags: Full Paper, Virtual Reality | Links:
@inproceedings{Meinhardt2025FlyAway,
title = {Fly Away: Evaluating the Impact of Motion Fidelity on Optimized User Interface Design via Bayesian Optimization in Automated Urban Air Mobility Simulations},
author = {Luca-Maxim Meinhardt (Ulm University), Clara Schramm (Ulm University), Pascal Jansen (Ulm University), Mark Colley (Ulm University, UCL), Enrico Rukzio (Ulm University)},
url = {https://www.uni-ulm.de/en/in/mi/hci/, website
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rrhi_h7hfOA&ab_channel=Luca-MaximMeinhardt, teaser video
https://www.linkedin.com/in/luca-maximmeinhardt/, linkedin},
doi = {10.1145/3706598.3713288},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-04-26},
urldate = {2025-04-26},
abstract = {Automated Urban Air Mobility (UAM) can improve passenger transportation and reduce congestion, but its success depends on passenger trust. While initial research addresses passengers' information needs, questions remain about how to simulate air taxi flights and how these simulations impact users and interface requirements. We conducted a between-subjects study (N=40), examining the influence of motion fidelity in Virtual-Reality-simulated air taxi flights on user effects and interface design. Our study compared simulations with and without motion cues using a 3-Degrees-of-Freedom motion chair. Optimizing the interface design across six objectives, such as trust and mental demand, we used multi-objective Bayesian optimization to determine the most effective design trade-offs. Our results indicate that motion fidelity decreases users' trust, understanding, and acceptance, highlighting the need to consider motion fidelity in future UAM studies to approach realism. However, minimal evidence was found for differences or equality in the optimized interface designs, suggesting personalized interface designs.},
keywords = {Full Paper, Virtual Reality},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Automated Urban Air Mobility (UAM) can improve passenger transportation and reduce congestion, but its success depends on passenger trust. While initial research addresses passengers' information needs, questions remain about how to simulate air taxi flights and how these simulations impact users and interface requirements. We conducted a between-subjects study (N=40), examining the influence of motion fidelity in Virtual-Reality-simulated air taxi flights on user effects and interface design. Our study compared simulations with and without motion cues using a 3-Degrees-of-Freedom motion chair. Optimizing the interface design across six objectives, such as trust and mental demand, we used multi-objective Bayesian optimization to determine the most effective design trade-offs. Our results indicate that motion fidelity decreases users' trust, understanding, and acceptance, highlighting the need to consider motion fidelity in future UAM studies to approach realism. However, minimal evidence was found for differences or equality in the optimized interface designs, suggesting personalized interface designs.
From Concept to Clinic: Multidisciplinary Design, Development, and Clinical Validation of Augmented Reality-Assisted Open Pancreatic Surgery
Hamraz Javaheri (German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI)), Omid Ghamarnejad (Allgemein-, Viszeral und Thoraxchirurgie, Chirurgische Onkologie, Klinikum Saarbrücken), Paul Lukowicz (German Research Center for, Artificial Intelligence (DFKI) , RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau ), Gregor A. Stavrou (Allgemein-, Viszeral und Thoraxchirurgie, Chirurgische Onkologie, Klinikum Saarbrücken), Jakob Karolus (German Research Center for, Artificial Intelligence (DFKI) , RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau )
Abstract | Tags: Full Paper | Links:
@inproceedings{Javaheri2025FromConcept,
title = {From Concept to Clinic: Multidisciplinary Design, Development, and Clinical Validation of Augmented Reality-Assisted Open Pancreatic Surgery},
author = {Hamraz Javaheri (German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI)), Omid Ghamarnejad (Allgemein-, Viszeral und Thoraxchirurgie, Chirurgische Onkologie, Klinikum Saarbrücken), Paul Lukowicz (German Research Center for, Artificial Intelligence (DFKI) , RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau ), Gregor A. Stavrou (Allgemein-, Viszeral und Thoraxchirurgie, Chirurgische Onkologie, Klinikum Saarbrücken), Jakob Karolus (German Research Center for, Artificial Intelligence (DFKI) , RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau )},
url = {https://www.dfki.de/web/forschung/forschungsbereiche/eingebettete-intelligenz, website
www.linkedin.com/in/hamraz-javaheri-93794443, linkedin},
doi = {10.1145/3706598.3713458},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-04-26},
urldate = {2025-04-26},
abstract = {Wearable augmented reality (AR) systems have significant potential to enhance surgical outcomes through in-situ visualization of patient-specific data. Yet, efforts to develop AR-based systems for open surgery have been limited, lacking comprehensive interdisciplinary research and actual clinical evaluations in real surgical environments. Our research addresses this gap by presenting a user-centered design and development process of ARAS, an AR assistance for open pancreatic surgery. ARAS provides in-situ visualization of critical structures, such as the vascular system and the tumor, while offering a robust dual-layer registration method ensuring accurate registration during relevant phases of the surgery. We evaluated ARAS in clinical trials of 20 patients with pancreatic tumors. Accuracy validation and postoperative surgeon interviews confirmed its successful deployment, supporting surgeons in vascular localization and critical decision-making. Our work showcases AR's potential to fundamentally transform procedures for complex surgical operations, advocating a research shift toward ecological validation in open surgery.},
keywords = {Full Paper},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Wearable augmented reality (AR) systems have significant potential to enhance surgical outcomes through in-situ visualization of patient-specific data. Yet, efforts to develop AR-based systems for open surgery have been limited, lacking comprehensive interdisciplinary research and actual clinical evaluations in real surgical environments. Our research addresses this gap by presenting a user-centered design and development process of ARAS, an AR assistance for open pancreatic surgery. ARAS provides in-situ visualization of critical structures, such as the vascular system and the tumor, while offering a robust dual-layer registration method ensuring accurate registration during relevant phases of the surgery. We evaluated ARAS in clinical trials of 20 patients with pancreatic tumors. Accuracy validation and postoperative surgeon interviews confirmed its successful deployment, supporting surgeons in vascular localization and critical decision-making. Our work showcases AR's potential to fundamentally transform procedures for complex surgical operations, advocating a research shift toward ecological validation in open surgery.
Get Real With Me: Effects of Avatar Realism on Social Presence and Comfort in Augmented Reality Remote Collaboration and Self-Disclosure
Jonah-Noël Kaiser (OFFIS - Institute for Information Technology), Simon Kimmel (OFFIS - Institute for Information Technology), Eva Licht (University of Wupperta), Eric Landwehr (OFFIS - Institute for Information Technology), Fabian Hemmert (University of Wuppertal), Wilko Heuten (OFFIS - Institute for Information Technology)
Honorable MentionAbstract | Tags: Augmented Reality, Full Paper, Honorable Mention | Links:
@inproceedings{Kaiser2025GetReal,
title = {Get Real With Me: Effects of Avatar Realism on Social Presence and Comfort in Augmented Reality Remote Collaboration and Self-Disclosure},
author = {Jonah-Noël Kaiser (OFFIS - Institute for Information Technology), Simon Kimmel (OFFIS - Institute for Information Technology), Eva Licht (University of Wupperta), Eric Landwehr (OFFIS - Institute for Information Technology), Fabian Hemmert (University of Wuppertal), Wilko Heuten (OFFIS - Institute for Information Technology)},
url = {https://hci.uni-oldenburg.de/de/, website
https://www.linkedin.com/in/jonah-kaiser/, linkedin},
doi = {10.1145/3706598.3713541},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-04-26},
urldate = {2025-04-26},
abstract = {Augmented reality (AR) is poised to transform remote communication with realistic user representations authentically simulating in-person interactions in one's own environment. While increased avatar realism is beneficial in various social contexts, as it generally fosters social presence, its impact in intimate interactions is less clear, possibly creating discomfort. We explored how varying avatar realism affects social presence and comfort in AR across different social interactions. Realism preferences were established in an online survey (N=157), informing our subsequent experiment (N=42). Participants engaged in remote AR collaboration and self-disclosure tasks with avatars ranging from abstract to realistic point-cloud. Quantitative and qualitative feedback revealed that higher avatar realism generally enhances social presence and comfort, though preferences can vary. The self-disclosure task increased social presence but reduced comfort compared to the collaboration task. This research provides an empirical analysis of avatar realism, highlighting the benefits of realistic avatars in various scenarios.},
keywords = {Augmented Reality, Full Paper, Honorable Mention},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Augmented reality (AR) is poised to transform remote communication with realistic user representations authentically simulating in-person interactions in one's own environment. While increased avatar realism is beneficial in various social contexts, as it generally fosters social presence, its impact in intimate interactions is less clear, possibly creating discomfort. We explored how varying avatar realism affects social presence and comfort in AR across different social interactions. Realism preferences were established in an online survey (N=157), informing our subsequent experiment (N=42). Participants engaged in remote AR collaboration and self-disclosure tasks with avatars ranging from abstract to realistic point-cloud. Quantitative and qualitative feedback revealed that higher avatar realism generally enhances social presence and comfort, though preferences can vary. The self-disclosure task increased social presence but reduced comfort compared to the collaboration task. This research provides an empirical analysis of avatar realism, highlighting the benefits of realistic avatars in various scenarios.
Getting Trapped in Amazon’s “Iliad Flow”: A Foundation for the Temporal Analysis of Dark Patterns
Colin M. Gray (Indiana University), Thomas Mildner (University of Bremen), Ritiga Gairola (Indiana University)
Abstract | Tags: Dark Patterns, Full Paper | Links:
@inproceedings{Gray2025GettingTrapped,
title = {Getting Trapped in Amazon’s “Iliad Flow”: A Foundation for the Temporal Analysis of Dark Patterns},
author = {Colin M. Gray (Indiana University), Thomas Mildner (University of Bremen), Ritiga Gairola (Indiana University)},
url = {dm.tzi.de, website
https://www.linkedin.com/company/dml-bremen/, research group linkedin
https://www.linkedin.com/in/mildner-thomas/, author's linkedin},
doi = {10.1145/3706598.3713828},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-04-26},
urldate = {2025-04-26},
abstract = {Dark patterns are ubiquitous in digital systems, impacting users throughout their journeys on many popular apps and websites. While substantial efforts from the research community in the last five years have led to consolidated taxonomies and an ontology of dark patterns, most characterizations of these patterns have been focused on static images or isolated pattern types. In this paper, we leverage documents from a US Federal Trade Commission complaint describing dark patterns in Amazon Prime's ``Iliad Flow,'' illustrating the interplay of dark patterns across a user journey. We use this case study to illustrate how dark patterns can be characterized and mapped over time, providing a sufficient audit trail and consistent application of dark patterns at high- and meso-level scales. We conclude by describing the groundwork for a methodology of Temporal Analysis of Dark Patterns (TADP) that allows for rigorous identification of dark patterns by researchers, regulators, and legal scholars.},
keywords = {Dark Patterns, Full Paper},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Dark patterns are ubiquitous in digital systems, impacting users throughout their journeys on many popular apps and websites. While substantial efforts from the research community in the last five years have led to consolidated taxonomies and an ontology of dark patterns, most characterizations of these patterns have been focused on static images or isolated pattern types. In this paper, we leverage documents from a US Federal Trade Commission complaint describing dark patterns in Amazon Prime's ``Iliad Flow,'' illustrating the interplay of dark patterns across a user journey. We use this case study to illustrate how dark patterns can be characterized and mapped over time, providing a sufficient audit trail and consistent application of dark patterns at high- and meso-level scales. We conclude by describing the groundwork for a methodology of Temporal Analysis of Dark Patterns (TADP) that allows for rigorous identification of dark patterns by researchers, regulators, and legal scholars.
Hidden in Plain Sight: a Systematic Analysis of Privacy Policies in the Context of Body-worn 'FemTech' Technologies
Sophie Grimme (OFFIS - Institute for Information Technology), Susanna Marie Spoerl (OFFIS - Institute for Information Technology), Frederike Jung (Independent Researcher), Marion Koelle (OFFIS - Institute for Information Technology)
Abstract | Tags: Full Paper, Privacy | Links:
@inproceedings{Grimme2025HiddenPlain,
title = {Hidden in Plain Sight: a Systematic Analysis of Privacy Policies in the Context of Body-worn 'FemTech' Technologies},
author = {Sophie Grimme (OFFIS - Institute for Information Technology), Susanna Marie Spoerl (OFFIS - Institute for Information Technology), Frederike Jung (Independent Researcher), Marion Koelle (OFFIS - Institute for Information Technology)},
url = {https://hci.uni-oldenburg.de/de/, website
linkedin.com/in/sophie-grimme-ba84641b4, linkedin},
doi = {10.1145/3706598.3713702},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-04-26},
urldate = {2025-04-26},
abstract = {As HCI research turns to women's reproductive health as a topic of interest, an increasing number of female-oriented technologies (FemTech) are being marketed to consumers. This opens up a space for better management and understanding of intimate health but is not without risk. Reproductive health data collected by FemTech devices is highly sensitive and politicized. Breaches of privacy can cause or exacerbate discrimination and gender inequality, and negatively impact users' safety and well-being. It is therefore important that users are well informed about how their data is collected, handled, used and stored. This work contributes insights into whether and to what extent this is achieved by current FemTech. We conduct a structured content analysis of 18 in-effect privacy policies. Applying an empirically-grounded taxonomy, we identify challenges in policy wording, content and presentation. We conclude with recommendations for improving transparency and supporting users in providing informed consent and claiming data authority.},
keywords = {Full Paper, Privacy},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
As HCI research turns to women's reproductive health as a topic of interest, an increasing number of female-oriented technologies (FemTech) are being marketed to consumers. This opens up a space for better management and understanding of intimate health but is not without risk. Reproductive health data collected by FemTech devices is highly sensitive and politicized. Breaches of privacy can cause or exacerbate discrimination and gender inequality, and negatively impact users' safety and well-being. It is therefore important that users are well informed about how their data is collected, handled, used and stored. This work contributes insights into whether and to what extent this is achieved by current FemTech. We conduct a structured content analysis of 18 in-effect privacy policies. Applying an empirically-grounded taxonomy, we identify challenges in policy wording, content and presentation. We conclude with recommendations for improving transparency and supporting users in providing informed consent and claiming data authority.
How a Clinical Decision Support System Changed the Diagnosis Process: Insights from an Experimental Mixed-Method Study in a Full-Scale Anesthesiology Simulation
Sara Wolf (Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany), Tobias Grundgeiger (Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany), Raphael Zähringer (Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany), Lora Shishkova (Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany), Franzisca Maas (Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany), Christina Dilling (Universitätsklinikum Würzburg Würzburg, Germany),, Oliver Happel (Universitätsklinikum Würzburg Würzburg, Germany)
Honorable MentionAbstract | Tags: Full Paper, Healthcare Assistance, Honorable Mention | Links:
@inproceedings{Wolf2025HowClinical,
title = {How a Clinical Decision Support System Changed the Diagnosis Process: Insights from an Experimental Mixed-Method Study in a Full-Scale Anesthesiology Simulation},
author = {Sara Wolf (Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany), Tobias Grundgeiger (Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany), Raphael Zähringer (Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany), Lora Shishkova (Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany), Franzisca Maas (Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany), Christina Dilling (Universitätsklinikum Würzburg Würzburg, Germany), and Oliver Happel (Universitätsklinikum Würzburg Würzburg, Germany)},
url = {https://www.mcm.uni-wuerzburg.de/psyergo/, website},
doi = {10.1145/3706598.3713372},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-04-26},
urldate = {2025-04-26},
abstract = {Recent advancements in artificial intelligence have sparked discussions on how clinical decision-making can be supported. New clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) have been developed and evaluated through workshops and interviews. However, limited research exists on how CDSSs affect decision-making as it unfolds, particularly in settings such as acute care, where decisions are made collaboratively under time pressure and uncertainty. Using a mixed-method study, we explored the impact of a CDSS on decisionmaking in anesthetic teams during simulated operating room crises. Fourteen anesthetic teams participated in high-fidelity simulations, half using a CDSS prototype for comparative analysis. Qualitative findings from conversation analysis and quantitative results on decision-making efficiency and workload revealed that the CDSS changed team structure, communication, and diagnostic processes. It homogenized decision-making, empowered nursing staff, and introduced friction between analytical and intuitive thinking. We discuss whether these changes are beneficial or detrimental and offer insights to guide future CDSS design.},
keywords = {Full Paper, Healthcare Assistance, Honorable Mention},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Recent advancements in artificial intelligence have sparked discussions on how clinical decision-making can be supported. New clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) have been developed and evaluated through workshops and interviews. However, limited research exists on how CDSSs affect decision-making as it unfolds, particularly in settings such as acute care, where decisions are made collaboratively under time pressure and uncertainty. Using a mixed-method study, we explored the impact of a CDSS on decisionmaking in anesthetic teams during simulated operating room crises. Fourteen anesthetic teams participated in high-fidelity simulations, half using a CDSS prototype for comparative analysis. Qualitative findings from conversation analysis and quantitative results on decision-making efficiency and workload revealed that the CDSS changed team structure, communication, and diagnostic processes. It homogenized decision-making, empowered nursing staff, and introduced friction between analytical and intuitive thinking. We discuss whether these changes are beneficial or detrimental and offer insights to guide future CDSS design.
Imprinto: Enhancing Infrared Inkjet Watermarking for Human and Machine Perception
Martin Feick (DFKI, Saarland University, Saarland Informatics Campus, Saarbrücken, Germany, MIT CSAIL, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States), Xuxin Tang (Virginia Tech, Computer Science Department, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States, MIT CSAIL, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States), Raul Garcia-Martin (University Group for Identification Technologies, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganes, Madrid, Spain, MIT CSAIL, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States), Alexandru Luchianov (MIT CSAIL, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States), Roderick Wei Xiao Huang (MIT CSAIL, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States), Chang Xiao (Adobe Research, San Jose, California, United States), Alexa Siu (Adobe Research, San Jose, California, United States), Mustafa Doga Dogan (Adobe Research, Basel, Switzerland, MIT CSAIL, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States)
Abstract | Tags: Full Paper, Gaze & Visual Perception | Links:
@inproceedings{Feick2025Imprinto,
title = {Imprinto: Enhancing Infrared Inkjet Watermarking for Human and Machine Perception},
author = {Martin Feick (DFKI and Saarland University, Saarland Informatics Campus, Saarbrücken, Germany and MIT CSAIL, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States), Xuxin Tang (Virginia Tech, Computer Science Department, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States and MIT CSAIL, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States), Raul Garcia-Martin (University Group for Identification Technologies, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganes, Madrid, Spain and MIT CSAIL, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States), Alexandru Luchianov (MIT CSAIL, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States), Roderick Wei Xiao Huang (MIT CSAIL, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States), Chang Xiao (Adobe Research, San Jose, California, United States), Alexa Siu (Adobe Research, San Jose, California, United States), Mustafa Doga Dogan (Adobe Research, Basel, Switzerland and MIT CSAIL, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States)},
url = {https://umtl.cs.uni-saarland.de/, website},
doi = {10.1145/3706598.3713286},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-04-26},
urldate = {2025-04-26},
abstract = {Hybrid paper interfaces leverage augmented reality to combine the desired tangibility of paper documents with the affordances of interactive digital media. Typically, virtual content can be embedded through direct links (e.g., QR codes); however, this impacts the aesthetics of the paper print and limits the available visual content space. To address this problem, we present Imprinto, an infrared inkjet watermarking technique that allows for invisible content embeddings only by using off-the-shelf IR inks and a camera. Imprinto was established through a psychophysical experiment, studying how much IR ink can be used while remaining invisible to users regardless of background color. We demonstrate that we can detect invisible IR content through our machine learning pipeline, and we developed an authoring tool that optimizes the amount of IR ink on the color regions of an input document for machine and human detectability. Finally, we demonstrate several applications, including augmenting paper documents and objects.},
keywords = {Full Paper, Gaze & Visual Perception},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Hybrid paper interfaces leverage augmented reality to combine the desired tangibility of paper documents with the affordances of interactive digital media. Typically, virtual content can be embedded through direct links (e.g., QR codes); however, this impacts the aesthetics of the paper print and limits the available visual content space. To address this problem, we present Imprinto, an infrared inkjet watermarking technique that allows for invisible content embeddings only by using off-the-shelf IR inks and a camera. Imprinto was established through a psychophysical experiment, studying how much IR ink can be used while remaining invisible to users regardless of background color. We demonstrate that we can detect invisible IR content through our machine learning pipeline, and we developed an authoring tool that optimizes the amount of IR ink on the color regions of an input document for machine and human detectability. Finally, we demonstrate several applications, including augmenting paper documents and objects.
Improving External Communication of Automated Vehicles Using Bayesian Optimization
Mark Colley (Ulm University, UCL), Pascal Jansen (Ulm University), Mugdha Keskar (Ulm University), Enrico Rukzio (Ulm University)
Abstract | Tags: Automotive, Full Paper | Links:
@inproceedings{Colley2025ImprovingExternal,
title = {Improving External Communication of Automated Vehicles Using Bayesian Optimization},
author = {Mark Colley (Ulm University, UCL), Pascal Jansen (Ulm University), Mugdha Keskar (Ulm University), Enrico Rukzio (Ulm University)},
url = {https://www.uni-ulm.de/en/in/mi/hci/, website
https://youtu.be/bKW-xmrZ_RE, teaser video
https://www.linkedin.com/in/mark-colley-6a50ab111/, linkedin},
doi = {10.1145/3706598.3714187},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-04-26},
urldate = {2025-04-26},
abstract = {The absence of a human operator in automated vehicles (AVs) may require external Human-Machine Interfaces (eHMIs) to facilitate communication with other road users in uncertain scenarios, for example, regarding the right of way. Given the plethora of adjustable parameters, balancing visual and auditory elements is crucial for effective communication with other road users. With N=37 participants, this study employed multi-objective Bayesian optimization to enhance eHMI designs and improve trust, safety perception, and mental demand. By reporting the Pareto front, we identify optimal design trade-offs. This research contributes to the ongoing standardization efforts of eHMIs, supporting broader adoption.},
keywords = {Automotive, Full Paper},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
The absence of a human operator in automated vehicles (AVs) may require external Human-Machine Interfaces (eHMIs) to facilitate communication with other road users in uncertain scenarios, for example, regarding the right of way. Given the plethora of adjustable parameters, balancing visual and auditory elements is crucial for effective communication with other road users. With N=37 participants, this study employed multi-objective Bayesian optimization to enhance eHMI designs and improve trust, safety perception, and mental demand. By reporting the Pareto front, we identify optimal design trade-offs. This research contributes to the ongoing standardization efforts of eHMIs, supporting broader adoption.
Intimate Data Sharing: Enhancing Transparency and Control in Fertility Tracking
Anna Ida Hudig (University of Cambridge), Jatinder Singh (University of Cambridge & RC-Trust, UA Ruhr)
Abstract | Tags: Full Paper | Links:
@inproceedings{Hudig2025IntimateData,
title = {Intimate Data Sharing: Enhancing Transparency and Control in Fertility Tracking},
author = {Anna Ida Hudig (University of Cambridge), Jatinder Singh (University of Cambridge & RC-Trust, UA Ruhr)},
url = {https://rc-trust.ai/groups/compliant-and-accountable-systems, website},
doi = {10.1145/3706598.3714089},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-04-26},
urldate = {2025-04-26},
abstract = {Fertility trackers are popular for self-monitoring menstrual cycles and managing other aspects of reproductive or sexual health. However, the intimate nature of fertility tracking raises particular concerns about potential data (mis)use. Our study deepens understandings of fertility tracker data sharing and presents co-created mechanisms to enhance user agency over their data in intimate contexts. To achieve this, we first analysed the network transmissions from eight fertility tracker products, observing that many data transmissions appear to be tied to particular uses of the tracker and that the products communicate with endpoints associated with various organisations across different countries. This raises concerns about how intimate data is governed, used, and shared. To understand user attitudes towards data sharing in intimate contexts, we then conducted a survey exploring factors influencing user data sharing preferences. Our findings reveal that users desire transparency and control mechanisms and that their willingness to share data is influenced by contextual factors, including the third parties involved, the purposes of data collection, and the sensitivity of the data. Building on these findings, we worked with users to co-design ten concrete mechanisms for enhancing data transparency and control throughout fertility tracker product usage lifecycles. In all, our mixed-method study provides an in-depth understanding of fertility tracker data flows and preferences and proposes actionable mechanisms designers can utilise to support and protect data rights in intimate data ecosystems.},
keywords = {Full Paper},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Fertility trackers are popular for self-monitoring menstrual cycles and managing other aspects of reproductive or sexual health. However, the intimate nature of fertility tracking raises particular concerns about potential data (mis)use. Our study deepens understandings of fertility tracker data sharing and presents co-created mechanisms to enhance user agency over their data in intimate contexts. To achieve this, we first analysed the network transmissions from eight fertility tracker products, observing that many data transmissions appear to be tied to particular uses of the tracker and that the products communicate with endpoints associated with various organisations across different countries. This raises concerns about how intimate data is governed, used, and shared. To understand user attitudes towards data sharing in intimate contexts, we then conducted a survey exploring factors influencing user data sharing preferences. Our findings reveal that users desire transparency and control mechanisms and that their willingness to share data is influenced by contextual factors, including the third parties involved, the purposes of data collection, and the sensitivity of the data. Building on these findings, we worked with users to co-design ten concrete mechanisms for enhancing data transparency and control throughout fertility tracker product usage lifecycles. In all, our mixed-method study provides an in-depth understanding of fertility tracker data flows and preferences and proposes actionable mechanisms designers can utilise to support and protect data rights in intimate data ecosystems.
Introducing ROADS: A Systematic Comparison of Remote Control Interaction Concepts for Automated Vehicles at Road Works
Mark Colley (Ulm University, Germany, UCL Interaction Centre, UK), Jonathan Westhauser (Ulm University, Germany), Jonas Andersson(RISE Research Institutes of Sweden), Alexander G. Mirnig (Department of Artificial Intelligence, Human Interfaces, University of Salzburg, Center for Technology Experience, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology), Enrico Rukzio (Ulm University, Germany)
Abstract | Tags: Automotive, Full Paper | Links:
@inproceedings{Colley2025IntroducingRoads,
title = {Introducing ROADS: A Systematic Comparison of Remote Control Interaction Concepts for Automated Vehicles at Road Works},
author = {Mark Colley (Ulm University, Germany and UCL Interaction Centre, UK), Jonathan Westhauser (Ulm University, Germany), Jonas Andersson(RISE Research Institutes of Sweden), Alexander G. Mirnig (Department of Artificial Intelligence and Human Interfaces, University of Salzburg and Center for Technology Experience, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology), Enrico Rukzio (Ulm University, Germany)},
doi = {10.1145/3706598.3713476},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-04-26},
urldate = {2025-04-26},
abstract = {As vehicle automation technology continues to mature, there is a necessity for robust remote monitoring and intervention features. These are essential for intervening during vehicle malfunctions, challenging road conditions, or in areas that are difficult to navigate. This evolution in the role of the human operator—from a constant driver to an intermittent teleoperator—necessitates the development of suitable interaction interfaces. While some interfaces were suggested, a comparative study is missing. We designed, implemented, and evaluated three interaction concepts (path planning, trajectory guidance, and waypoint guidance) with up to four concurrent requests of automated vehicles in a within-subjects study with N=23 participants. The results showed a clear preference for the path planning concept. It also led to the highest usability but lower satisfaction. With trajectory guidance, the fewest requests were resolved. The study's findings contribute to the ongoing development of HMIs focused on the remote assistance of automated vehicles.},
keywords = {Automotive, Full Paper},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
As vehicle automation technology continues to mature, there is a necessity for robust remote monitoring and intervention features. These are essential for intervening during vehicle malfunctions, challenging road conditions, or in areas that are difficult to navigate. This evolution in the role of the human operator—from a constant driver to an intermittent teleoperator—necessitates the development of suitable interaction interfaces. While some interfaces were suggested, a comparative study is missing. We designed, implemented, and evaluated three interaction concepts (path planning, trajectory guidance, and waypoint guidance) with up to four concurrent requests of automated vehicles in a within-subjects study with N=23 participants. The results showed a clear preference for the path planning concept. It also led to the highest usability but lower satisfaction. With trajectory guidance, the fewest requests were resolved. The study's findings contribute to the ongoing development of HMIs focused on the remote assistance of automated vehicles.
Investigating LLM-Driven Curiosity in Human-Robot Interaction
Jan Leusmann (LMU Munich), Anna Belardinelli (Honda Research Institute Europe), Luke Haliburton (LMU Munich), Stephan Hasler (Honda Research Institute Europe), Albrecht Schmidt (LMU Munich), Sven Mayer (LMU Munich), Michael Gienger (Honda Research Institute Europe), Chao Wang (Honda Research Institute Europe)
Abstract | Tags: Full Paper, Robotics | Links:
@inproceedings{Leusmann2025InvestigatingLlmdriven,
title = {Investigating LLM-Driven Curiosity in Human-Robot Interaction},
author = {Jan Leusmann (LMU Munich), Anna Belardinelli (Honda Research Institute Europe), Luke Haliburton (LMU Munich), Stephan Hasler (Honda Research Institute Europe), Albrecht Schmidt (LMU Munich), Sven Mayer (LMU Munich), Michael Gienger (Honda Research Institute Europe), Chao Wang (Honda Research Institute Europe)},
url = {https://www.medien.ifi.lmu.de/, website https://www.linkedin.com/company/lmu-media-informatics-group/posts/?feedView=all, lab's linkedin
https://www.linkedin.com/in/jan-leusmann/, author's linkedin},
doi = {10.1145/3706598.3713923},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-04-26},
urldate = {2025-04-26},
abstract = {Integrating curious behavior traits into robots is essential for them to learn and adapt to new tasks over their lifetime and to enhance human-robot interaction. However, the effects of robots expressing curiosity on user perception, user interaction, and user experience in collaborative tasks are unclear. In this work, we present a Multimodal Large Language Model-based system that equips a robot with non-verbal and verbal curiosity traits. We conducted a user study (N=20) to investigate how these traits modulate the robot's behavior and the users' impressions of sociability and quality of interaction. Participants prepared cocktails or pizzas with a robot, which was either curious or non-curious. Our results show that we could create user-centric curiosity, which users perceived as more human-like, inquisitive, and autonomous while resulting in a longer interaction time. We contribute a set of design recommendations allowing system designers to take advantage of curiosity in collaborative tasks.},
keywords = {Full Paper, Robotics},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Integrating curious behavior traits into robots is essential for them to learn and adapt to new tasks over their lifetime and to enhance human-robot interaction. However, the effects of robots expressing curiosity on user perception, user interaction, and user experience in collaborative tasks are unclear. In this work, we present a Multimodal Large Language Model-based system that equips a robot with non-verbal and verbal curiosity traits. We conducted a user study (N=20) to investigate how these traits modulate the robot's behavior and the users' impressions of sociability and quality of interaction. Participants prepared cocktails or pizzas with a robot, which was either curious or non-curious. Our results show that we could create user-centric curiosity, which users perceived as more human-like, inquisitive, and autonomous while resulting in a longer interaction time. We contribute a set of design recommendations allowing system designers to take advantage of curiosity in collaborative tasks.
Lay Perceptions of Algorithmic Discrimination in the Context of Systemic Injustice
Gabriel Lima (Max Planck Institute for Security, Privacy), Nina Grgić-Hlača (Max Planck Institute for Software Systems), Markus Langer (University of Freiburg), Yixin Zou (Max Planck Institute for Security, Privacy)
Honorable MentionAbstract | Tags: Full Paper, Honorable Mention | Links:
@inproceedings{Lima2025LayPerceptions,
title = {Lay Perceptions of Algorithmic Discrimination in the Context of Systemic Injustice},
author = {Gabriel Lima (Max Planck Institute for Security and Privacy), Nina Grgić-Hlača (Max Planck Institute for Software Systems), Markus Langer (University of Freiburg), Yixin Zou (Max Planck Institute for Security and Privacy)},
url = {https://thegcamilo.github.io/, github},
doi = {10.1145/3706598.3713536},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-04-26},
urldate = {2025-04-26},
abstract = {Algorithmic fairness research often disregards concerns related to systemic injustice. We study how contextualizing algorithms within systemic injustice impacts lay perceptions of algorithmic discrimination. Using the hiring domain as a case-study, we conduct a 2x3 between-participants experiment (N=716), studying how people's views of algorithmic fairness are influenced by information about (i) systemic injustice in historical hiring decisions and (ii) algorithms' propensity to perpetuate biases learned from past human decisions. We find that shedding light on systemic injustice has heterogeneous effects: participants from historically advantaged groups became more negative about discriminatory algorithms, while those from disadvantaged groups reported more positive attitudes. Explaining that algorithms learn from past human decisions had null effects on people's views, adding nuances to calls for improving public understanding of algorithms. Our findings reveal that contextualizing algorithms in systemic injustice can have unintended consequences and show how different ways of framing existing inequalities influence perceptions of injustice.},
keywords = {Full Paper, Honorable Mention},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Algorithmic fairness research often disregards concerns related to systemic injustice. We study how contextualizing algorithms within systemic injustice impacts lay perceptions of algorithmic discrimination. Using the hiring domain as a case-study, we conduct a 2x3 between-participants experiment (N=716), studying how people's views of algorithmic fairness are influenced by information about (i) systemic injustice in historical hiring decisions and (ii) algorithms' propensity to perpetuate biases learned from past human decisions. We find that shedding light on systemic injustice has heterogeneous effects: participants from historically advantaged groups became more negative about discriminatory algorithms, while those from disadvantaged groups reported more positive attitudes. Explaining that algorithms learn from past human decisions had null effects on people's views, adding nuances to calls for improving public understanding of algorithms. Our findings reveal that contextualizing algorithms in systemic injustice can have unintended consequences and show how different ways of framing existing inequalities influence perceptions of injustice.
Light My Way. Developing and Exploring a Multimodal Interface to Assist People With Visual Impairments to Exit Highly Automated Vehicles
Luca-Maxim Meinhardt (Ulm University), Lina Madlin Weilke (Ulm University), Maryam Elhaidary (Ulm University), Julia von Abel (Ulm University), Paul D. S. Fink (VEMI Lab, The University of Maine), Michael Rietzler (Ulm University), Mark Colley (Ulm University, UCL), Enrico Rukzio (Ulm University)
Abstract | Tags: Automotive, Full Paper | Links:
@inproceedings{Meinhardt2025LightWay,
title = {Light My Way. Developing and Exploring a Multimodal Interface to Assist People With Visual Impairments to Exit Highly Automated Vehicles},
author = {Luca-Maxim Meinhardt (Ulm University), Lina Madlin Weilke (Ulm University), Maryam Elhaidary (Ulm University), Julia von Abel (Ulm University), Paul D. S. Fink (VEMI Lab, The University of Maine), Michael Rietzler (Ulm University), Mark Colley (Ulm University, UCL), Enrico Rukzio (Ulm University)},
url = {https://www.uni-ulm.de/en/in/mi/hci/, website
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-we2VJLCYgs&ab_channel=Luca-MaximMeinhardt, teaser video
https://www.linkedin.com/in/luca-maximmeinhardt/, linkedin},
doi = {10.1145/3706598.3713454},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-04-26},
urldate = {2025-04-26},
abstract = {The introduction of Highly Automated Vehicles (HAVs) has the potential to increase the independence of blind and visually impaired people (BVIPs). However, ensuring safety and situation awareness when exiting these vehicles in unfamiliar environments remains challenging. To address this, we conducted an interactive workshop with N=5 BVIPs to identify their information needs when exiting an HAV and evaluated three prior-developed low-fidelity prototypes. The insights from this workshop guided the development of PathFinder, a multimodal interface combining visual, auditory, and tactile modalities tailored to BVIP's unique needs. In a three-factorial within-between-subject study with N=16 BVIPs, we evaluated PathFinder against an auditory-only baseline in urban and rural scenarios. PathFinder significantly reduced mental demand and maintained high perceived safety in both scenarios, while the auditory baseline led to lower perceived safety in the urban scenario compared to the rural one. Qualitative feedback further supported PathFinder's effectiveness in providing spatial orientation during exiting.},
keywords = {Automotive, Full Paper},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
The introduction of Highly Automated Vehicles (HAVs) has the potential to increase the independence of blind and visually impaired people (BVIPs). However, ensuring safety and situation awareness when exiting these vehicles in unfamiliar environments remains challenging. To address this, we conducted an interactive workshop with N=5 BVIPs to identify their information needs when exiting an HAV and evaluated three prior-developed low-fidelity prototypes. The insights from this workshop guided the development of PathFinder, a multimodal interface combining visual, auditory, and tactile modalities tailored to BVIP's unique needs. In a three-factorial within-between-subject study with N=16 BVIPs, we evaluated PathFinder against an auditory-only baseline in urban and rural scenarios. PathFinder significantly reduced mental demand and maintained high perceived safety in both scenarios, while the auditory baseline led to lower perceived safety in the urban scenario compared to the rural one. Qualitative feedback further supported PathFinder's effectiveness in providing spatial orientation during exiting.
Lost in Moderation: How Commercial Content Moderation APIs Over- and Under-Moderate Group-Targeted Hate Speech and Linguistic Variations
David Hartmann (Weizenbaum Institute Berlin & Technical University Berlin), Amin Oueslati (Hertie School Berlin), Dimitri Staufer (Technical University Berlin), Lena Pohlmann (Weizenbaum Institute Berlin, Technical University Berlin), Simon Munzert (Hertie School Berlin), Hendrik Heuer (Center for Advanced Internet Studies (CAIS), University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal)
Abstract | Tags: Full Paper, Preventing Digital Harm | Links:
@inproceedings{Hartmann2025LostModeration,
title = {Lost in Moderation: How Commercial Content Moderation APIs Over- and Under-Moderate Group-Targeted Hate Speech and Linguistic Variations},
author = {David Hartmann (Weizenbaum Institute Berlin & Technical University Berlin), Amin Oueslati (Hertie School Berlin), Dimitri Staufer (Technical University Berlin), Lena Pohlmann (Weizenbaum Institute Berlin and Technical University Berlin), Simon Munzert (Hertie School Berlin), Hendrik Heuer (Center for Advanced Internet Studies (CAIS) and University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal)},
url = {https://www.cais-research.de/forschungsprogramm-vertrauenswurdige-intelligenz/, website https://www.linkedin.com/company/center-for-advanced-internet-studies/posts/?feedView=all, lab's linkedin
https://www.linkedin.com/in/hendrikheuer/, author's linkedin
https://bsky.app/profile/cais-research.bsky.social, bluesky},
doi = {10.1145/3706598.3713998},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-04-26},
urldate = {2025-04-26},
abstract = {Commercial content moderation APIs are marketed as scalable solutions to combat online hate speech. However, the reliance on these APIs risks both silencing legitimate speech, called over-moderation, and failing to protect online platforms from harmful speech, known as under-moderation. To assess such risks, this paper introduces a framework for auditing black-box NLP systems. Using the framework, we systematically evaluate five widely used commercial content moderation APIs. Analyzing five million queries based on four datasets, we find that APIs frequently rely on group identity terms, such as "black", to predict hate speech. While OpenAI's and Amazon's services perform slightly better, all providers under-moderate implicit hate speech, which uses codified messages, especially against LGBTQIA+ individuals. Simultaneously, they over-moderate counter-speech, reclaimed slurs and content related to Black, LGBTQIA+, Jewish, and Muslim people. We recommend that API providers offer better guidance on API implementation and threshold setting and more transparency on their APIs' limitations.},
keywords = {Full Paper, Preventing Digital Harm},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Commercial content moderation APIs are marketed as scalable solutions to combat online hate speech. However, the reliance on these APIs risks both silencing legitimate speech, called over-moderation, and failing to protect online platforms from harmful speech, known as under-moderation. To assess such risks, this paper introduces a framework for auditing black-box NLP systems. Using the framework, we systematically evaluate five widely used commercial content moderation APIs. Analyzing five million queries based on four datasets, we find that APIs frequently rely on group identity terms, such as "black", to predict hate speech. While OpenAI's and Amazon's services perform slightly better, all providers under-moderate implicit hate speech, which uses codified messages, especially against LGBTQIA+ individuals. Simultaneously, they over-moderate counter-speech, reclaimed slurs and content related to Black, LGBTQIA+, Jewish, and Muslim people. We recommend that API providers offer better guidance on API implementation and threshold setting and more transparency on their APIs' limitations.
Motion-Coupled Asymmetric Vibration for Pseudo Force Rendering in Virtual Reality
Nihar Sabnis (Max Planck Institute for Informatics), Maelle Roche (Max Planck Institute for Informatics), Dennis Wittchen (Max Planck Institute for Informatics), Donald Degraen (University of Duisburg-Essen), Paul Strohmeier (Max Planck Institute for Informatics).
Honorable MentionAbstract | Tags: Full Paper, Honorable Mention, Output Modalities & Haptics | Links:
@inproceedings{Sabnis2025MotioncoupledAsymmetric,
title = {Motion-Coupled Asymmetric Vibration for Pseudo Force Rendering in Virtual Reality},
author = {Nihar Sabnis (Max Planck Institute for Informatics), Maelle Roche (Max Planck Institute for Informatics), Dennis Wittchen (Max Planck Institute for Informatics), Donald Degraen (University of Duisburg-Essen), Paul Strohmeier (Max Planck Institute for Informatics).},
url = {https://sensint.mpi-inf.mpg.de/index.html, website
https://de.linkedin.com/in/nihar-sabnis, author\'s linkedin},
doi = {10.1145/3706598.3713358},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-04-26},
urldate = {2025-04-26},
abstract = {In Virtual Reality (VR), rendering realistic forces is crucial for immersion, but traditional vibrotactile feedback fails to convey force sensations effectively. Studies of asymmetric vibrations that elicit pseudo forces show promise but are inherently tied to unwanted vibrations, reducing realism. Leveraging sensory attenuation to reduce the perceived intensity of self-generated vibrations during user movement, we present a novel algorithm that couples asymmetric vibrations with user motion, which mimics self-generated sensations. Our psychophysics study with 12 participants shows that motion-coupled asymmetric vibration attenuates the experience of vibration (equivalent to a ~30% reduction in vibration-amplitude) while preserving the experience of force, compared to continuous asymmetric vibrations (state-of-the-art). We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in VR through three scenarios: shooting arrows, lifting weights, and simulating haptic magnets. Results revealed that participants preferred forces elicited by motion-coupled asymmetric vibration for tasks like shooting arrows and lifting weights. This research highlights the potential of motion-coupled asymmetric vibrations, offers new insights into sensory attenuation, and advances force rendering in VR.},
keywords = {Full Paper, Honorable Mention, Output Modalities & Haptics},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
In Virtual Reality (VR), rendering realistic forces is crucial for immersion, but traditional vibrotactile feedback fails to convey force sensations effectively. Studies of asymmetric vibrations that elicit pseudo forces show promise but are inherently tied to unwanted vibrations, reducing realism. Leveraging sensory attenuation to reduce the perceived intensity of self-generated vibrations during user movement, we present a novel algorithm that couples asymmetric vibrations with user motion, which mimics self-generated sensations. Our psychophysics study with 12 participants shows that motion-coupled asymmetric vibration attenuates the experience of vibration (equivalent to a ~30% reduction in vibration-amplitude) while preserving the experience of force, compared to continuous asymmetric vibrations (state-of-the-art). We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in VR through three scenarios: shooting arrows, lifting weights, and simulating haptic magnets. Results revealed that participants preferred forces elicited by motion-coupled asymmetric vibration for tasks like shooting arrows and lifting weights. This research highlights the potential of motion-coupled asymmetric vibrations, offers new insights into sensory attenuation, and advances force rendering in VR.
OptiCarVis: Improving Automated Vehicle Functionality Visualizations Using Bayesian Optimization to Enhance User Experience
Pascal Jansen (Ulm University), Mark Colley (Ulm University, Cornell Tech), Svenja Krauß (Ulm University), Daniel Hirschle (Ulm University), E. Rukzio (Ulm University)
Honorable MentionAbstract | Tags: Automotive, Full Paper, Honorable Mention | Links:
@inproceedings{Jansen2025Opticarvis,
title = {OptiCarVis: Improving Automated Vehicle Functionality Visualizations Using Bayesian Optimization to Enhance User Experience},
author = {Pascal Jansen (Ulm University), Mark Colley (Ulm University, Cornell Tech), Svenja Krauß (Ulm University), Daniel Hirschle (Ulm University) and E. Rukzio (Ulm University)},
url = {https://www.uni-ulm.de/en/in/mi/hci/, website
https://youtu.be/n6O_DOkw-Ng, teaser video
https://www.linkedin.com/in/pascal-jansen-/, linkedin},
doi = {10.1145/3706598.3713514},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-04-26},
urldate = {2025-04-26},
abstract = {Automated vehicle (AV) acceptance relies on their understanding via feedback. While visualizations aim to enhance user understanding of AV’s detection, prediction, and planning functionalities, establishing an optimal design is challenging. Traditional "one-size-fits-all" designs might be unsuitable, stemming from resource-intensive empirical evaluations. This paper introduces OptiCarVis, a set of Human-in-the-Loop (HITL) approaches using Multi-Objective Bayesian Optimization (MOBO) to optimize AV feedback visualizations. We compare conditions using eight expert and usercustomized designs for a Warm-Start HITL MOBO. An online study (N=117) demonstrates OptiCarVis’s efficacy in significantly improving trust, acceptance, perceived safety, and predictability without increasing cognitive load. OptiCarVis facilitates a comprehensive design space exploration, enhancing in-vehicle interfaces for optimal passenger experiences and broader applicability.},
keywords = {Automotive, Full Paper, Honorable Mention},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Automated vehicle (AV) acceptance relies on their understanding via feedback. While visualizations aim to enhance user understanding of AV’s detection, prediction, and planning functionalities, establishing an optimal design is challenging. Traditional "one-size-fits-all" designs might be unsuitable, stemming from resource-intensive empirical evaluations. This paper introduces OptiCarVis, a set of Human-in-the-Loop (HITL) approaches using Multi-Objective Bayesian Optimization (MOBO) to optimize AV feedback visualizations. We compare conditions using eight expert and usercustomized designs for a Warm-Start HITL MOBO. An online study (N=117) demonstrates OptiCarVis’s efficacy in significantly improving trust, acceptance, perceived safety, and predictability without increasing cognitive load. OptiCarVis facilitates a comprehensive design space exploration, enhancing in-vehicle interfaces for optimal passenger experiences and broader applicability.
Patient Handover in the Emergency Department Is Not Just a Point Event: Insights for Designing Information Support Tools
Aloha Hufana Ambe (The University of Queensland Brisbane, Australia), Isaac Salisbury (The University of Queensland Brisbane, Australia), Tobias Grundgeiger (Julius-Maximilians Universität Würzburg Würzburg, Germany), Daniel Bodnar (Royal Brisbane, Women’s Hospital Brisbane, Australia), Sean Rothwell (Royal Brisbane, Women’s Hospital Brisbane, Australia), Nathan Brown (Royal Brisbane, Women’s Hospital Brisbane, Australia), Penelope Sanderson (The University of Queensland Brisbane, Australia),, Ben Matthews (The University of Queensland Brisbane, Australia)
Abstract | Tags: Full Paper, Healthcare Assistance | Links:
@inproceedings{Ambe2025PatientHandover,
title = {Patient Handover in the Emergency Department Is Not Just a Point Event: Insights for Designing Information Support Tools},
author = {Aloha Hufana Ambe (The University of Queensland Brisbane, Australia), Isaac Salisbury (The University of Queensland Brisbane, Australia), Tobias Grundgeiger (Julius-Maximilians Universität Würzburg Würzburg, Germany), Daniel Bodnar (Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital Brisbane, Australia), Sean Rothwell (Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital Brisbane, Australia), Nathan Brown (Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital Brisbane, Australia), Penelope Sanderson (The University of Queensland Brisbane, Australia), and Ben Matthews (The University of Queensland Brisbane, Australia)},
url = {https://www.mcm.uni-wuerzburg.de/psyergo/, website},
doi = {10.1145/3706598.3713756},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-04-26},
urldate = {2025-04-26},
abstract = {Effective information support tools are challenging to design for fast-paced, information rich, and difficult to predict circumstances, particularly when information is fragmented and sources are dispersed. To explore, we conducted a field study on handover and the associated information work, which included 40 visits and 75 hours of observation and interviews with doctors in a metropolitan emergency department (ED). Beyond information exchange, we found that handovers highlight doctors’ proactive approach by anticipating information needs, managing uncertainties arising from dynamic information, and developing patient care plans through multiple contingencies. Expanding on the idea of handover as a multifaceted process rather than a single event, we reinforce existing calls for greater flexibility emphasising that the ascertainment of pertinent information is an ongoing, adaptive process. This work demonstrates that deciding what constitutes relevant information is a priori indeterminate when designing information systems and support tools in environments such as EDs. We propose the preservation of specific ‘relativities’ of information—such as uncertainty, particularity, incompleteness, and temporality—in designing information support tools for dynamic, critical and multi-disciplinary work environments.},
keywords = {Full Paper, Healthcare Assistance},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Effective information support tools are challenging to design for fast-paced, information rich, and difficult to predict circumstances, particularly when information is fragmented and sources are dispersed. To explore, we conducted a field study on handover and the associated information work, which included 40 visits and 75 hours of observation and interviews with doctors in a metropolitan emergency department (ED). Beyond information exchange, we found that handovers highlight doctors’ proactive approach by anticipating information needs, managing uncertainties arising from dynamic information, and developing patient care plans through multiple contingencies. Expanding on the idea of handover as a multifaceted process rather than a single event, we reinforce existing calls for greater flexibility emphasising that the ascertainment of pertinent information is an ongoing, adaptive process. This work demonstrates that deciding what constitutes relevant information is a priori indeterminate when designing information systems and support tools in environments such as EDs. We propose the preservation of specific ‘relativities’ of information—such as uncertainty, particularity, incompleteness, and temporality—in designing information support tools for dynamic, critical and multi-disciplinary work environments.
Perceived Asynchrony of Rhythmic Stimuli Affects Pupil Diameter and Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements.
Lina Klass, Anton Benjamin Lammert, Laura Simon, Bernd Froehlich, Eva Hornecker, Jan Ehlers
Abstract | Tags: Full Paper | Links:
@inproceedings{Klass2025PerceivedAsynchrony,
title = {Perceived Asynchrony of Rhythmic Stimuli Affects Pupil Diameter and Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements.},
author = {Lina Klass, Anton Benjamin Lammert, Laura Simon, Bernd Froehlich, Eva Hornecker, Jan Ehlers},
url = {https://www.uni-weimar.de/en/media/chairs/computer-science-department/human-computer-interaction/research/research-projects/groove-remote-intimacy-in-social-vr/, website},
doi = {10.1145/3706598.3713152},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-04-26},
urldate = {2025-04-26},
abstract = {In networked applications, latency can disrupt the sense of synchrony by causing offsets e.g. between local speech and remote visual response. The current eye-tracking study investigates the influence of frequency and Stimulus Onset Asynchrony (SOA) on the rhythmic audiovisual experience in a controlled laboratory setting. Our results show that the Point of Subjective Synchrony (PSS) is influenced by frequency, whereas the Window of Subjective Synchrony (WSS) is not. SOA significantly influences Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements (SPEM), suggesting that gaze behaviour adapts to the delay. The difficulty of detecting subtle differences in temporal asynchronies is not reflected in pupil diameter. However, we observe larger pupil sizes with increasing SOA, suggesting a high cognitive workload. This may be due to disrupted audiovisual integration during large stimulus asynchronies, resulting in the perception of separate unisensory event streams that require more demanding and independent processing.},
keywords = {Full Paper},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
In networked applications, latency can disrupt the sense of synchrony by causing offsets e.g. between local speech and remote visual response. The current eye-tracking study investigates the influence of frequency and Stimulus Onset Asynchrony (SOA) on the rhythmic audiovisual experience in a controlled laboratory setting. Our results show that the Point of Subjective Synchrony (PSS) is influenced by frequency, whereas the Window of Subjective Synchrony (WSS) is not. SOA significantly influences Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements (SPEM), suggesting that gaze behaviour adapts to the delay. The difficulty of detecting subtle differences in temporal asynchronies is not reflected in pupil diameter. However, we observe larger pupil sizes with increasing SOA, suggesting a high cognitive workload. This may be due to disrupted audiovisual integration during large stimulus asynchronies, resulting in the perception of separate unisensory event streams that require more demanding and independent processing.
Pixel Memories: Do Lifelog Summaries Fail to Enhance Memory but Offer Privacy-Aware Memory Assessments?
Passant ElAgroudy (DFKI GmBH), Rufat Rzayev (Dresden University of Technology), Tonja-Katrin Machulla (TU Chemnitz), Huy Viet Le (University of Stuttgart), Tilman Dingler (Delft University of Technology), Lars Lischke (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam), Sarah Clinch (University of Manchester), Geoffrey Ward (University of Essex), Albrecht Schmidt (LMU Munich)
Abstract | Tags: Full Paper, Privacy | Links:
@inproceedings{ElAgroudy2025PixelMemories,
title = {Pixel Memories: Do Lifelog Summaries Fail to Enhance Memory but Offer Privacy-Aware Memory Assessments?},
author = {Passant ElAgroudy (DFKI GmBH), Rufat Rzayev (Dresden University of Technology), Tonja-Katrin Machulla (TU Chemnitz), Huy Viet Le (University of Stuttgart), Tilman Dingler (Delft University of Technology), Lars Lischke (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam), Sarah Clinch (University of Manchester), Geoffrey Ward (University of Essex), Albrecht Schmidt (LMU Munich)},
url = {https://www.linkedin.com/in/passant-elagroudy-649284aa/?originalSubdomain=de, author\'s linkedin},
doi = {10.1145/3706598.3714145},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-04-26},
urldate = {2025-04-26},
abstract = {We explore the metaphorical "daily memory pill" concept – a brief pictorial lifelog recap aimed at reviving and preserving memories. Leveraging psychological strategies, we explore the potential of such summaries to boost autobiographical memory. We developed an automated lifelogging memory prosthesis and a research protocol (Automated Memory Validation ``AMV'') for conducting privacy-aware, in-situ evaluations. We conducted a real-world lifelogging experiment for a month (n=11). We also designed a browser ``Pixel Memories’’ for browsing one-week worth of lifelogs. The results suggest that daily timelapse summaries, while not yielding significant memory augmentation effects, also do not lead to memory degradation. Participants' confidence in recalled content remains unaltered, but the study highlights the challenge of users' overestimation of memory accuracy. Our core contributions, the AMV protocol and "Pixel Memories" browser, advance our understanding of memory augmentations and offer a privacy-preserving method for evaluating future ubicomp systems.},
keywords = {Full Paper, Privacy},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
We explore the metaphorical "daily memory pill" concept – a brief pictorial lifelog recap aimed at reviving and preserving memories. Leveraging psychological strategies, we explore the potential of such summaries to boost autobiographical memory. We developed an automated lifelogging memory prosthesis and a research protocol (Automated Memory Validation ``AMV'') for conducting privacy-aware, in-situ evaluations. We conducted a real-world lifelogging experiment for a month (n=11). We also designed a browser ``Pixel Memories’’ for browsing one-week worth of lifelogs. The results suggest that daily timelapse summaries, while not yielding significant memory augmentation effects, also do not lead to memory degradation. Participants' confidence in recalled content remains unaltered, but the study highlights the challenge of users' overestimation of memory accuracy. Our core contributions, the AMV protocol and "Pixel Memories" browser, advance our understanding of memory augmentations and offer a privacy-preserving method for evaluating future ubicomp systems.
PlantPal: Leveraging Precision Agriculture Robots to Facilitate Remote Engagement in Urban Gardening
Albin Zeqiri (Ulm University), Julian Britten (Ulm University), Clara Schramm (Ulm University), Pascal Jansen (Ulm University), Michael Rietzler (Ulm University), Enrico Rukzio (Ulm University)
Abstract | Tags: Full Paper, Robotics | Links:
@inproceedings{Zeqiri2025Plantpal,
title = {PlantPal: Leveraging Precision Agriculture Robots to Facilitate Remote Engagement in Urban Gardening},
author = {Albin Zeqiri (Ulm University), Julian Britten (Ulm University), Clara Schramm (Ulm University), Pascal Jansen (Ulm University), Michael Rietzler (Ulm University), Enrico Rukzio (Ulm University)},
url = {https://www.uni-ulm.de/en/in/mi/hci/, website
https://www.linkedin.com/in/albinzeq/, linkedin},
doi = {10.1145/3706598.3713180},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-04-26},
urldate = {2025-04-26},
abstract = {Urban gardening is widely recognized for its numerous health and environmental benefits. However, the lack of suitable garden spaces, demanding daily schedules and limited gardening expertise present major roadblocks for citizens looking to engage in urban gardening. While prior research has explored smart home solutions to support urban gardeners, these approaches currently do not fully address these practical barriers. In this paper, we present PlantPal, a system that enables the cultivation of garden spaces irrespective of one's location, expertise level, or time constraints. PlantPal enables the shared operation of a precision agriculture robot (PAR) that is equipped with garden tools and a multi-camera system. Insights from a 3-week deployment (N=18) indicate that PlantPal facilitated the integration of gardening tasks into daily routines, fostered a sense of connection with one's field, and provided an engaging experience despite the remote setting. We contribute design considerations for future robot-assisted urban gardening concepts.},
keywords = {Full Paper, Robotics},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Urban gardening is widely recognized for its numerous health and environmental benefits. However, the lack of suitable garden spaces, demanding daily schedules and limited gardening expertise present major roadblocks for citizens looking to engage in urban gardening. While prior research has explored smart home solutions to support urban gardeners, these approaches currently do not fully address these practical barriers. In this paper, we present PlantPal, a system that enables the cultivation of garden spaces irrespective of one's location, expertise level, or time constraints. PlantPal enables the shared operation of a precision agriculture robot (PAR) that is equipped with garden tools and a multi-camera system. Insights from a 3-week deployment (N=18) indicate that PlantPal facilitated the integration of gardening tasks into daily routines, fostered a sense of connection with one's field, and provided an engaging experience despite the remote setting. We contribute design considerations for future robot-assisted urban gardening concepts.
Preventing Harmful Data Practices by using Participatory Input to Navigate the Machine Learning Multiverse
Jan Simson (LMU Munich; Munich Center for Machine Learning), Fiona Draxler (University of Mannheim), Samuel Mehr (University of Auckland; Yale University), Christoph Kern (LMU Munich, Munich Center for Machine Learning)
Abstract | Tags: Full Paper | Links:
@inproceedings{Simson2025PreventingHarmful,
title = {Preventing Harmful Data Practices by using Participatory Input to Navigate the Machine Learning Multiverse},
author = {Jan Simson (LMU Munich; Munich Center for Machine Learning), Fiona Draxler (University of Mannheim), Samuel Mehr (University of Auckland; Yale University), Christoph Kern (LMU Munich, Munich Center for Machine Learning)},
url = {https://www.stat.lmu.de/soda/, website
https://www.linkedin.com/in/j-simson/, linkedin},
doi = {10.1145/3706598.3713482},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-04-26},
urldate = {2025-04-26},
abstract = {In light of inherent trade-offs regarding fairness, privacy, interpretability and performance, as well as normative questions, the machine learning (ML) pipeline needs to be made accessible for public input, critical reflection and engagement of diverse stakeholders. In this work, we introduce a participatory approach to gather input from the general public on the design of an ML pipeline. We show how people's input can be used to navigate and constrain the multiverse of decisions during both model development and evaluation. We highlight that central design decisions should be democratized rather than "optimized" to acknowledge their critical impact on the system's output downstream. We describe the iterative development of our approach and its exemplary implementation on a citizen science platform. Our results demonstrate how public participation can inform critical design decisions along the model-building pipeline and combat widespread lazy data practices.},
keywords = {Full Paper},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
In light of inherent trade-offs regarding fairness, privacy, interpretability and performance, as well as normative questions, the machine learning (ML) pipeline needs to be made accessible for public input, critical reflection and engagement of diverse stakeholders. In this work, we introduce a participatory approach to gather input from the general public on the design of an ML pipeline. We show how people's input can be used to navigate and constrain the multiverse of decisions during both model development and evaluation. We highlight that central design decisions should be democratized rather than "optimized" to acknowledge their critical impact on the system's output downstream. We describe the iterative development of our approach and its exemplary implementation on a citizen science platform. Our results demonstrate how public participation can inform critical design decisions along the model-building pipeline and combat widespread lazy data practices.
PrivacyHub: A Functional Tangible and Digital Ecosystem for Interoperable Smart Home Privacy Awareness and Control
Maximiliane Windl (LMU Munich, Munich Center for Machine Learning (MCML)), Philipp Thalhammer (LMU Munich), David Müller (LMU Munich), Albrecht Schmidt (LMU Munich), Sebastian S. Feger (TH Rosenheim, LMU Munich)
Abstract | Tags: Full Paper, Privacy | Links:
@inproceedings{Windl2025Privacyhub,
title = {PrivacyHub: A Functional Tangible and Digital Ecosystem for Interoperable Smart Home Privacy Awareness and Control},
author = {Maximiliane Windl (LMU Munich, Munich Center for Machine Learning (MCML)), Philipp Thalhammer (LMU Munich), David Müller (LMU Munich), Albrecht Schmidt (LMU Munich), Sebastian S. Feger (TH Rosenheim, LMU Munich)},
url = {https://www.medien.ifi.lmu.de/index.xhtml.en, website
https://www.linkedin.com/company/lmu-media-informatics-group/, research group linkedin
https://www.linkedin.com/in/maximiliane-windl-8889b6195/, author's linkedin},
doi = {10.1145/3706598.3713517},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-04-26},
urldate = {2025-04-26},
abstract = {Hubs are at the core of most smart homes. Modern cross-ecosystem protocols and standards enable smart home hubs to achieve interoperability across devices, offering the unique opportunity to integrate universally available smart home privacy awareness and control features. To date, such privacy features mainly focus on individual products or prototypical research artifacts. We developed a cross-ecosystem hub featuring a tangible dashboard and a digital web application to deepen our understanding of how smart home users interact with functional privacy features. The ecosystem allows users to control the connectivity states of their devices and raises awareness by visualizing device positions, states, and data flows. We deployed the ecosystem in six households for one week and found that it increased participants' perceived control, awareness, and understanding of smart home privacy. We further found distinct differences between tangible and digital mechanisms. Our findings highlight the value of cross-ecosystem hubs for effective privacy management.},
keywords = {Full Paper, Privacy},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Hubs are at the core of most smart homes. Modern cross-ecosystem protocols and standards enable smart home hubs to achieve interoperability across devices, offering the unique opportunity to integrate universally available smart home privacy awareness and control features. To date, such privacy features mainly focus on individual products or prototypical research artifacts. We developed a cross-ecosystem hub featuring a tangible dashboard and a digital web application to deepen our understanding of how smart home users interact with functional privacy features. The ecosystem allows users to control the connectivity states of their devices and raises awareness by visualizing device positions, states, and data flows. We deployed the ecosystem in six households for one week and found that it increased participants' perceived control, awareness, and understanding of smart home privacy. We further found distinct differences between tangible and digital mechanisms. Our findings highlight the value of cross-ecosystem hubs for effective privacy management.
Relatedness Technologies: An Online Compendium and Systematic Review
Christiane Wenhart (Ubiquitous Design | Experience & Interaction, University of Siegen), Ronda Ringfort-Felner (Ubiquitous Design | Experience & Interaction, University of Siegen), Torben Wallbaum (Faculty of Information, Communication, Flensburg University of Applied Sciences), Maryam Amidi (Faculty of Information, Communication, Flensburg University of Applied Sciences), Ruben Albers (Ubiquitous Design | Experience & Interaction, University of Siegen), Marc Hassenzahl (Ubiquitous Design | Experience & Interaction, University of Siegen)
Abstract | Tags: Full Paper, Meta-Research | Links:
@inproceedings{Wenhart2025RelatednessTechnologies,
title = {Relatedness Technologies: An Online Compendium and Systematic Review},
author = {Christiane Wenhart (Ubiquitous Design | Experience & Interaction, University of Siegen), Ronda Ringfort-Felner (Ubiquitous Design | Experience & Interaction, University of Siegen), Torben Wallbaum (Faculty of Information and Communication, Flensburg University of Applied Sciences), Maryam Amidi (Faculty of Information and Communication, Flensburg University of Applied Sciences), Ruben Albers (Ubiquitous Design | Experience & Interaction, University of Siegen), Marc Hassenzahl (Ubiquitous Design | Experience & Interaction, University of Siegen)},
url = {experienceandinteraction.com, website
https://core.thehxlab.com/, teaser video
linkedin.com/in/christianewenhart, linkedin},
doi = {10.1145/3706598.3714260},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-04-26},
urldate = {2025-04-26},
abstract = {Over the past decades, numerous concepts and prototypes for fostering emotional connections across distance (relatedness technologies) have been proposed. This has made it challenging for researchers and designers in Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) to maintain a comprehensive overview and effectively build on previous work. To address this, we conducted a systematic literature search (PRISMA) and collected 241 concepts and prototypes (2010-2024). We organized this corpus according to key aspects: (1) target population, (2) theoretical grounding, (3) design, (4) evaluation, and (5) ethics. Based on this, we developed the “COmpendium of RElatedness Technologies” (CORE), an open-access, searchable online database that provides researchers and practitioners with a reliable repository to inform future work. In addition, we present a systematic review of the corpus, revealing that despite its long tradition work on relatedness technologies remains characterized by limited theoretical grounding, lack of robust empirical evidence of effects, and insufficient attention to ethical considerations.},
keywords = {Full Paper, Meta-Research},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Over the past decades, numerous concepts and prototypes for fostering emotional connections across distance (relatedness technologies) have been proposed. This has made it challenging for researchers and designers in Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) to maintain a comprehensive overview and effectively build on previous work. To address this, we conducted a systematic literature search (PRISMA) and collected 241 concepts and prototypes (2010-2024). We organized this corpus according to key aspects: (1) target population, (2) theoretical grounding, (3) design, (4) evaluation, and (5) ethics. Based on this, we developed the “COmpendium of RElatedness Technologies” (CORE), an open-access, searchable online database that provides researchers and practitioners with a reliable repository to inform future work. In addition, we present a systematic review of the corpus, revealing that despite its long tradition work on relatedness technologies remains characterized by limited theoretical grounding, lack of robust empirical evidence of effects, and insufficient attention to ethical considerations.
Scrolling in the Deep: Analysing Contextual Influences on Intervention Effectiveness during Infinite Scrolling on Social Media
Luca-Maxim Meinhardt (Ulm University), Maryam Elhaidary (Ulm University), Mark Colley (Ulm University, UCL), Michael Rietzler (Ulm University), Jan Ole Rixen (Ulm University, KLT), Aditya Kumar Purohit (CAIS), Enrico Rukzio (Ulm University)
Abstract | Tags: Full Paper, Preventing Digital Harm | Links:
@inproceedings{Meinhardt2025ScrollingDeep,
title = {Scrolling in the Deep: Analysing Contextual Influences on Intervention Effectiveness during Infinite Scrolling on Social Media},
author = {Luca-Maxim Meinhardt (Ulm University), Maryam Elhaidary (Ulm University), Mark Colley (Ulm University, UCL), Michael Rietzler (Ulm University), Jan Ole Rixen (Ulm University, KLT), Aditya Kumar Purohit (CAIS), Enrico Rukzio (Ulm University)},
url = {https://www.uni-ulm.de/en/in/mi/hci/, website
https://www.linkedin.com/in/luca-maximmeinhardt/, linkedin},
doi = {10.1145/3706598.3713187},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-04-26},
urldate = {2025-04-26},
abstract = {Infinite scrolling on social media platforms is designed to encourage prolonged engagement, leading users to spend more time than desired, which can provoke negative emotions. Interventions to mitigate infinite scrolling have shown initial success, yet users become desensitized due to the lack of contextual relevance. Understanding how contextual factors influence intervention effectiveness remains underexplored. We conducted a 7-day user study (N=72) investigating how these contextual factors affect users' reactance and responsiveness to interventions during infinite scrolling. Our study revealed an interplay, with contextual factors such as being at home, sleepiness, and valence playing significant roles in the intervention's effectiveness. Low valence coupled with being at home slows down the responsiveness to interventions, and sleepiness lowers reactance towards interventions, increasing user acceptance of the intervention. Overall, our work contributes to a deeper understanding of user responses toward interventions and paves the way for developing more effective interventions during infinite scrolling.},
keywords = {Full Paper, Preventing Digital Harm},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Infinite scrolling on social media platforms is designed to encourage prolonged engagement, leading users to spend more time than desired, which can provoke negative emotions. Interventions to mitigate infinite scrolling have shown initial success, yet users become desensitized due to the lack of contextual relevance. Understanding how contextual factors influence intervention effectiveness remains underexplored. We conducted a 7-day user study (N=72) investigating how these contextual factors affect users' reactance and responsiveness to interventions during infinite scrolling. Our study revealed an interplay, with contextual factors such as being at home, sleepiness, and valence playing significant roles in the intervention's effectiveness. Low valence coupled with being at home slows down the responsiveness to interventions, and sleepiness lowers reactance towards interventions, increasing user acceptance of the intervention. Overall, our work contributes to a deeper understanding of user responses toward interventions and paves the way for developing more effective interventions during infinite scrolling.
Security Knight in Shining Armor: What and Who VPN Providers Claim to Shield Consumers Against
Felix Reichmann (Ruhr University Bochum), Jens Christian Opdenbusch (Ruhr University Bochum), Karola Marky (Ruhr University Bochum), Marco Gutfleisch (Ruhr University Bochum)
Abstract | Tags: Full Paper, Privacy | Links:
@inproceedings{Reichmann2025SecurityKnight,
title = {Security Knight in Shining Armor: What and Who VPN Providers Claim to Shield Consumers Against},
author = {Felix Reichmann (Ruhr University Bochum), Jens Christian Opdenbusch (Ruhr University Bochum), Karola Marky (Ruhr University Bochum), Marco Gutfleisch (Ruhr University Bochum)},
url = {https://informatik.rub.de/digisoul/, website},
doi = {10.1145/3706598.3713980},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-04-26},
urldate = {2025-04-26},
abstract = {Consumer virtual private network (VPN) providers promise online security and privacy by tunneling user traffic through their servers. However, there is a growing disparity between the users' perceptions of achievable security and privacy and the actual limitations of such services. In a large-scale, multi-step mixed methods study, we holistically investigated the degree to which 78 consumer VPN providers support or undermine proper mental models for their products and services. We collected search queries from 300 participants - coming from five countries across four continents - to identify suitable VPN providers and, subsequently their security and privacy promises. Among VPN providers’ statements, a large share contains misleading or false information, and more than half do not mention any threat agent at all. Our results extend the current research on consumer VPNs and provide a more realistic, holistic, and accurate overview of information on VPN provider websites.},
keywords = {Full Paper, Privacy},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Consumer virtual private network (VPN) providers promise online security and privacy by tunneling user traffic through their servers. However, there is a growing disparity between the users' perceptions of achievable security and privacy and the actual limitations of such services. In a large-scale, multi-step mixed methods study, we holistically investigated the degree to which 78 consumer VPN providers support or undermine proper mental models for their products and services. We collected search queries from 300 participants - coming from five countries across four continents - to identify suitable VPN providers and, subsequently their security and privacy promises. Among VPN providers’ statements, a large share contains misleading or false information, and more than half do not mention any threat agent at all. Our results extend the current research on consumer VPNs and provide a more realistic, holistic, and accurate overview of information on VPN provider websites.
Social Media for Activists: Reimagining Safety, Content Presentation, and Workflows
Anna Ricarda Luther (Institute for Information Management Bremen), Hendrik Heuer (Center for Advanced Internet Studies & University at Wuppertal), Stephanie Geise (Zentrum für Medien-, Kommunikations- und Informationsforschung & University of Bremen), Sebastian Haunss (SOCIUM Forschungszentrum Ungleichheit und Sozialpolitik , University of Bremen), Andreas Breiter (Institute for Information Management Bremen, University of Bremen)
Abstract | Tags: Full Paper, Preventing Digital Harm | Links:
@inproceedings{Luther2025SocialMedia,
title = {Social Media for Activists: Reimagining Safety, Content Presentation, and Workflows},
author = {Anna Ricarda Luther (Institute for Information Management Bremen), Hendrik Heuer (Center for Advanced Internet Studies & University at Wuppertal), Stephanie Geise (Zentrum für Medien-, Kommunikations- und Informationsforschung & University of Bremen), Sebastian Haunss (SOCIUM Forschungszentrum Ungleichheit und Sozialpolitik , University of Bremen), Andreas Breiter (Institute for Information Management Bremen, University of Bremen)},
url = {https://www.cais-research.de/forschungsprogramm-vertrauenswurdige-intelligenz/, website https://www.linkedin.com/company/center-for-advanced-internet-studies/posts/?feedView=all, lab's linkedin
https://www.linkedin.com/in/hendrikheuer/, author's linkedin
https://bsky.app/profile/cais-research.bsky.social, bluesky},
doi = {10.1145/3706598.3713351},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-04-26},
urldate = {2025-04-26},
abstract = {Social media is central to activists, who use it internally for coordination and externally to reach supporters and the public. To date, the HCI community has not explored activists' perspectives on future social media platforms. In interviews with 14 activists from an environmental and a queer-feminist movement in Germany, we identify activists' needs and feature requests for future social media platforms. The key finding is that on- and offline safety is their main need. Based on this, we make concrete proposals to improve safety measures. Increased control over content presentation and tools to streamline activist workflows are also central to activists. We make concrete design and research recommendations on how social media platforms and the HCI community can contribute to improved safety and content presentation, and how activists themselves can reduce their workload.},
keywords = {Full Paper, Preventing Digital Harm},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Social media is central to activists, who use it internally for coordination and externally to reach supporters and the public. To date, the HCI community has not explored activists' perspectives on future social media platforms. In interviews with 14 activists from an environmental and a queer-feminist movement in Germany, we identify activists' needs and feature requests for future social media platforms. The key finding is that on- and offline safety is their main need. Based on this, we make concrete proposals to improve safety measures. Increased control over content presentation and tools to streamline activist workflows are also central to activists. We make concrete design and research recommendations on how social media platforms and the HCI community can contribute to improved safety and content presentation, and how activists themselves can reduce their workload.
Spatial Haptics: A Sensory Substitution Method for Distal Object Detection Using Tactile Cues
Iddo Yehoshua Wald (University of Bremen), Donald Degraen (University of Canterbury, University of Duisburg-Essen), Amber Maimon (The University of Haifa, Ben Gurion University), Jonas Keppel (University of Duisburg-Essen), Stefan Schneegass (University of Duisburg-Essen), Rainer Malaka (University of Bremen)
Abstract | Tags: Full Paper, Output Modalities & Haptics | Links:
@inproceedings{Wald2025SpatialHaptics,
title = {Spatial Haptics: A Sensory Substitution Method for Distal Object Detection Using Tactile Cues},
author = {Iddo Yehoshua Wald (University of Bremen), Donald Degraen (University of Canterbury, University of Duisburg-Essen), Amber Maimon (The University of Haifa, Ben Gurion University), Jonas Keppel (University of Duisburg-Essen), Stefan Schneegass (University of Duisburg-Essen), Rainer Malaka (University of Bremen)},
url = {https://www.uni-bremen.de/dmlab, website
https://hci.informatik.uni-due.de/, website
https://youtu.be/1hMRs79zlgQ, teaser video
https://linkedin.com/company/dml-bremen, research group linkedin
https://de.linkedin.com/company/hci-group-essen, research group linkedin
https://linkedin.com/in/iddo-wald, author's linkedin
https://www.facebook.com/HCIEssen, facebook
https://x.com/hci_due, social media, X},
doi = {10.1145/3706598.3714083},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-04-26},
urldate = {2025-04-26},
abstract = {We present a sensory substitution-based method for representing locations of remote objects in 3D space via haptics. By imitating auditory localization processes, we enable vibrotactile localization abilities similar to those of some spiders, elephants, and other species. We evaluated this concept in virtual reality by modulating the vibration amplitude of two controllers depending on relative locations to a target. We developed two implementations applying this method using either ear or hand locations. A proof-of-concept study assessed localization performance and user experience, achieving under 30° differentiation between horizontal targets with no prior training. This unique approach enables localization by using only two actuators, requires low computational power, and could potentially assist users in gaining spatial awareness in challenging environments. We compare the implementations and discuss the use of hands as ears in motion, a novel technique not previously explored in the sensory substitution literature.},
keywords = {Full Paper, Output Modalities & Haptics},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
We present a sensory substitution-based method for representing locations of remote objects in 3D space via haptics. By imitating auditory localization processes, we enable vibrotactile localization abilities similar to those of some spiders, elephants, and other species. We evaluated this concept in virtual reality by modulating the vibration amplitude of two controllers depending on relative locations to a target. We developed two implementations applying this method using either ear or hand locations. A proof-of-concept study assessed localization performance and user experience, achieving under 30° differentiation between horizontal targets with no prior training. This unique approach enables localization by using only two actuators, requires low computational power, and could potentially assist users in gaining spatial awareness in challenging environments. We compare the implementations and discuss the use of hands as ears in motion, a novel technique not previously explored in the sensory substitution literature.
TactStyle: Generating Tactile Textures with Generative AI for Digital Fabrication
Faraz Faruqi (MIT CSAIL), Maxine Perroni-Scharf (MIT CSAIL), Jaskaran Singh Walia (Vellore Institute of Technology), Yunyi Zhu (MIT CSAIL), Shuyue Feng (Zhejiang University), Donald Degraen (HIT Lab NZ, University of Canterbury & University of Duisburg-Essen), Stefanie Mueller (MIT CSAIL)
Abstract | Tags: Full Paper, Output Modalities & Haptics | Links:
@inproceedings{Faruqi2025Tactstyle,
title = {TactStyle: Generating Tactile Textures with Generative AI for Digital Fabrication},
author = {Faraz Faruqi (MIT CSAIL), Maxine Perroni-Scharf (MIT CSAIL), Jaskaran Singh Walia (Vellore Institute of Technology), Yunyi Zhu (MIT CSAIL), Shuyue Feng (Zhejiang University), Donald Degraen (HIT Lab NZ, University of Canterbury & University of Duisburg-Essen), Stefanie Mueller (MIT CSAIL)},
url = {https://hcigroup.de, website
https://youtu.be/Ax57j-voj7k, teaser video
https://linkedin.com/company/hci-group-essen, lab\'s linkedin
https://www.linkedin.com/in/donald-degraen-54ba0010/, author\'s linkedin
https://x.com/hci_due, x
https://www.facebook.com/HCIEssen, facebook},
doi = {10.1145/3706598.3713740},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-04-26},
urldate = {2025-04-26},
abstract = {Recent work in Generative AI enables the stylization of 3D models based on image prompts. However, these methods do not incorporate tactile information, leading to designs that lack the expected tactile properties. We present TactStyle, a system that allows creators to stylize 3D models with images while incorporating the expected tactile properties. TactStyle accomplishes this using a modified image-generation model fine-tuned to generate heightfields for given surface textures. By optimizing 3D model surfaces to embody a generated texture, TactStyle creates models that match the desired style and replicate the tactile experience. We utilize a large-scale dataset of textures to train our texture generation model. In a psychophysical experiment, we evaluate the tactile qualities of a set of 3D-printed original textures and TactStyle's generated textures. Our results show that TactStyle successfully generates a wide range of tactile features from a single image input, enabling a novel approach to haptic design.},
keywords = {Full Paper, Output Modalities & Haptics},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Recent work in Generative AI enables the stylization of 3D models based on image prompts. However, these methods do not incorporate tactile information, leading to designs that lack the expected tactile properties. We present TactStyle, a system that allows creators to stylize 3D models with images while incorporating the expected tactile properties. TactStyle accomplishes this using a modified image-generation model fine-tuned to generate heightfields for given surface textures. By optimizing 3D model surfaces to embody a generated texture, TactStyle creates models that match the desired style and replicate the tactile experience. We utilize a large-scale dataset of textures to train our texture generation model. In a psychophysical experiment, we evaluate the tactile qualities of a set of 3D-printed original textures and TactStyle's generated textures. Our results show that TactStyle successfully generates a wide range of tactile features from a single image input, enabling a novel approach to haptic design.
The Illusion of Privacy: Investigating User Misperceptions in Browser Tracking Protection
Maximiliane Windl (LMU Munich), Roman Amberg (LMU Munich), Thomas Kosch (HU Berlin)
Abstract | Tags: Full Paper, Security | Links:
@inproceedings{Windl2025IllusionPrivacy,
title = {The Illusion of Privacy: Investigating User Misperceptions in Browser Tracking Protection},
author = {Maximiliane Windl (LMU Munich), Roman Amberg (LMU Munich), Thomas Kosch (HU Berlin)},
url = {https://www.medien.ifi.lmu.de/index.xhtml.en, website
https://www.linkedin.com/company/lmu-media-informatics-group, research group linkedin
https://www.linkedin.com/in/maximiliane-windl/, author's linkedin},
doi = {10.1145/3706598.3713912},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-04-26},
urldate = {2025-04-26},
abstract = {Third parties track users' web browsing activities, raising privacy concerns. Tracking protection extensions prevent this, but their influence on privacy protection beliefs shaped by narratives remains uncertain. This paper investigates users' misperception of tracking protection offered by browser plugins. Our study explores how different narratives influence users' perceived privacy protection by examining three tracking protection extension narratives: no protection, functional protection, and a placebo. In a study (N=36), participants evaluated their anticipated protection during a hotel booking process, influenced by the narrative about the plugin's functionality. However, participants viewed the same website without tracking protection adaptations. We show that users feel more protected when informed they use a functional or placebo extension, compared to no protection. Our findings highlight the deceptive nature of misleading privacy tools, emphasizing the need for greater transparency to prevent users from a false sense of protection, as such misleading tools negatively affect user study results.},
keywords = {Full Paper, Security},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Third parties track users' web browsing activities, raising privacy concerns. Tracking protection extensions prevent this, but their influence on privacy protection beliefs shaped by narratives remains uncertain. This paper investigates users' misperception of tracking protection offered by browser plugins. Our study explores how different narratives influence users' perceived privacy protection by examining three tracking protection extension narratives: no protection, functional protection, and a placebo. In a study (N=36), participants evaluated their anticipated protection during a hotel booking process, influenced by the narrative about the plugin's functionality. However, participants viewed the same website without tracking protection adaptations. We show that users feel more protected when informed they use a functional or placebo extension, compared to no protection. Our findings highlight the deceptive nature of misleading privacy tools, emphasizing the need for greater transparency to prevent users from a false sense of protection, as such misleading tools negatively affect user study results.
The TaPSI Research Framework - A Systematization of Knowledge on Tangible Privacy and Security Interfaces
Sarah Delgado Rodriguez (University of the Bundeswehr Munich), Maximiliane Windl (LMU Munich), Florian Alt (LMU Munich, University of the Bundeswehr Munich), Karola Marky (Ruhr University Bochum)
Abstract | Tags: Full Paper, Security | Links:
@inproceedings{Rodriguez2025TapsiResearch,
title = {The TaPSI Research Framework - A Systematization of Knowledge on Tangible Privacy and Security Interfaces},
author = {Sarah Delgado Rodriguez (University of the Bundeswehr Munich), Maximiliane Windl (LMU Munich), Florian Alt (LMU Munich and University of the Bundeswehr Munich), Karola Marky (Ruhr University Bochum)},
url = {https://www.medien.ifi.lmu.de/, website
https://www.linkedin.com/company/lmu-media-informatics-group/, research group linkedin
https://www.linkedin.com/in/sarah-delgado-rodriguez-9b9573270?utm_source=share&utm_campaign=share_via&utm_content=profile&utm_medium=android_app, author's linkedin
https://www.instagram.com/mediagroup.lmu?igsh=djd6ZWNpbGN1ajF0, instagram},
doi = {10.1145/3706598.3713968},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-04-26},
urldate = {2025-04-26},
abstract = {This paper presents a comprehensive Systematization of Knowledge on tangible privacy and security interfaces (TaPSI). Tangible interfaces provide physical forms for digital interactions. They can offer significant benefits for privacy and security applications by making complex and abstract security concepts more intuitive, comprehensible, and engaging. Through a literature survey, we collected and analyzed 80 publications. We identified terminology used in these publications, addressed usable privacy and security domains, contributions, applied methods, implementation details, and opportunities or challenges inherent to TaPSI. Based on our findings, we define TaPSI and propose the TaPSI research framework, which guides future research by offering insights into when and how to conduct research on privacy and security involving TaPSI as well as a design space of TaPSI.},
keywords = {Full Paper, Security},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
This paper presents a comprehensive Systematization of Knowledge on tangible privacy and security interfaces (TaPSI). Tangible interfaces provide physical forms for digital interactions. They can offer significant benefits for privacy and security applications by making complex and abstract security concepts more intuitive, comprehensible, and engaging. Through a literature survey, we collected and analyzed 80 publications. We identified terminology used in these publications, addressed usable privacy and security domains, contributions, applied methods, implementation details, and opportunities or challenges inherent to TaPSI. Based on our findings, we define TaPSI and propose the TaPSI research framework, which guides future research by offering insights into when and how to conduct research on privacy and security involving TaPSI as well as a design space of TaPSI.
The User Perspective on Island-Ready 6G Communication: A Survey of Future Smartphone Usage in Crisis-Struck Areas with Local Cellular Connectivity
Leon Janzen (Secure Mobile Networking Lab, TU Darmstadt), Florentin Putz (Secure Mobile Networking Lab, TU Darmstadt), Marc-André Kaufhold (Science, Technology for Peace, Security, TU Darmstadt), Kolja Straub (Secure Mobile Networking Lab, TU Darmstadt), Matthias Hollick (Secure Mobile Networking Lab, TU Darmstadt)
Honorable MentionAbstract | Tags: Full Paper, Honorable Mention, Understanding People | Links:
@inproceedings{Janzen2025UserPerspective,
title = {The User Perspective on Island-Ready 6G Communication: A Survey of Future Smartphone Usage in Crisis-Struck Areas with Local Cellular Connectivity},
author = {Leon Janzen (Secure Mobile Networking Lab, TU Darmstadt), Florentin Putz (Secure Mobile Networking Lab, TU Darmstadt), Marc-André Kaufhold (Science and Technology for Peace and Security, TU Darmstadt), Kolja Straub (Secure Mobile Networking Lab, TU Darmstadt), Matthias Hollick (Secure Mobile Networking Lab, TU Darmstadt)},
url = {https://www.seemoo.tu-darmstadt.de, website
https://www.linkedin.com/in/leon-janzen-071134194/, linkedin},
doi = {10.1145/3706598.3714324},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-04-26},
urldate = {2025-04-26},
abstract = {Using smartphone apps during crises is well-established, proving critical for crisis response. However, such apps become useless without an Internet connection, which is a common issue during crises. The ongoing 6G standardization explores the capability to provide local connectivity for cities cut off from the outside Internet in crises. This paper introduces the concept of local cellular connectivity in isolated cities to the HCI community. It presents findings from a survey (N = 857) of users in Germany’s major cities on their smartphone usage preferences in this connectivity model. Results show a shift in app demand, with citizens favoring everyday apps over dedicated crisis apps in certain scenarios. We further prioritize smartphone services based on their criticality, distinguishing between apps essential for crisis response and those supporting routine. Our findings provide insights for operators and developers in making user-centric design decisions during the realization of local connectivity in isolated cities.},
keywords = {Full Paper, Honorable Mention, Understanding People},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Using smartphone apps during crises is well-established, proving critical for crisis response. However, such apps become useless without an Internet connection, which is a common issue during crises. The ongoing 6G standardization explores the capability to provide local connectivity for cities cut off from the outside Internet in crises. This paper introduces the concept of local cellular connectivity in isolated cities to the HCI community. It presents findings from a survey (N = 857) of users in Germany’s major cities on their smartphone usage preferences in this connectivity model. Results show a shift in app demand, with citizens favoring everyday apps over dedicated crisis apps in certain scenarios. We further prioritize smartphone services based on their criticality, distinguishing between apps essential for crisis response and those supporting routine. Our findings provide insights for operators and developers in making user-centric design decisions during the realization of local connectivity in isolated cities.
TogetherReflect: Supporting Emotional Expression in Couples Through a Collaborative Virtual Reality Experience
Nadine Wagener (University of Bremen, Max Planck Institute for Informatics), Daniel C. Albensoeder (University of Bremen), Leon Reicherts (Microsoft Research, University College London), Paweł W. Woźniak (TU Wien), Yvonne Rogers (University College London), Jasmin Niess (University of Oslo)
Abstract | Tags: Full Paper | Links:
@inproceedings{Wagener2025Togetherreflect,
title = {TogetherReflect: Supporting Emotional Expression in Couples Through a Collaborative Virtual Reality Experience},
author = {Nadine Wagener (University of Bremen, Max Planck Institute for Informatics), Daniel C. Albensoeder (University of Bremen), Leon Reicherts (Microsoft Research, University College London), Paweł W. Woźniak (TU Wien), Yvonne Rogers (University College London), Jasmin Niess (University of Oslo)},
url = {https://sensint.mpi-inf.mpg.de/, website https://www.linkedin.com/in/nadine-wagener-10a895149/?originalSubdomain=de, author's linkedin
https://nadinewagener.github.io/, social media},
doi = {10.1145/3706598.3713642},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-04-25},
urldate = {2025-04-25},
abstract = {Navigating emotional conflicts within relationships can be challenging. People often struggle to express their emotions during a conflict, which can lead to misunderstandings and unresolved feelings. To facilitate deeper emotional expression, we developed TogetherReflect, a multi-user Virtual Reality (VR) experience designed for couples. Partners first draw their emotions related to a shared conflict in VR, allowing for individual expression and self-reflection. They then invite each other into their drawings to discuss their feelings, before drawing together on a shared canvas to reaffirm their love and commitment. Throughout this process, TogetherReflect provides prompts and guidance, aiming to foster self-reflection and communication skills. We exploratory evaluated the experience with 10 couples (n=20). Our findings indicate that TogetherReflect deepens personal emotional insights, fosters mutual understanding, and strengthens relational bonds. We highlight the potential of guided VR experiences to transform conflict resolution in intimate relationships and offer design considerations for future development.},
keywords = {Full Paper},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Navigating emotional conflicts within relationships can be challenging. People often struggle to express their emotions during a conflict, which can lead to misunderstandings and unresolved feelings. To facilitate deeper emotional expression, we developed TogetherReflect, a multi-user Virtual Reality (VR) experience designed for couples. Partners first draw their emotions related to a shared conflict in VR, allowing for individual expression and self-reflection. They then invite each other into their drawings to discuss their feelings, before drawing together on a shared canvas to reaffirm their love and commitment. Throughout this process, TogetherReflect provides prompts and guidance, aiming to foster self-reflection and communication skills. We exploratory evaluated the experience with 10 couples (n=20). Our findings indicate that TogetherReflect deepens personal emotional insights, fosters mutual understanding, and strengthens relational bonds. We highlight the potential of guided VR experiences to transform conflict resolution in intimate relationships and offer design considerations for future development.
Towards Youth-Sensitive Hateful Content Reporting: An Inclusive Focus Group Study in Germany
Julian Bäumler (PEASEC, TU Darmstadt), Helen Bader (PEASEC, TU Darmstadt), Marc-André Kaufhold (PEASEC, TU Darmstadt), Christian Reuter (PEASEC, TU Darmstadt)
Honorable MentionAbstract | Tags: Full Paper, Honorable Mention, Preventing Digital Harm | Links:
@inproceedings{Baeumler2025TowardsYouthsensitive,
title = {Towards Youth-Sensitive Hateful Content Reporting: An Inclusive Focus Group Study in Germany},
author = {Julian Bäumler (PEASEC, TU Darmstadt), Helen Bader (PEASEC, TU Darmstadt), Marc-André Kaufhold (PEASEC, TU Darmstadt), Christian Reuter (PEASEC, TU Darmstadt)},
url = {https://peasec.de/, website
https://www.linkedin.com/company/peasecde/, research group linkedin
https://www.linkedin.com/in/julian-b%C3%A4umler-2667b8196/, author\\\'s linkedin
https://bsky.app/profile/peasec.de, bsky},
doi = {10.1145/3706598.3713542},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-04-26},
urldate = {2025-04-26},
abstract = {Youth are particularly likely to encounter hateful internet content, which can severely impact their well-being. While most social media provide reporting mechanisms, in several countries, severe hateful content can alternatively be reported to law enforcement or dedicated reporting centers. However, in Germany, many youth never resort to reporting. While research in human-computer interaction has investigated adults' views on platform-based reporting, youth perspectives and platform-independent alternatives have received little attention. By involving a diverse group of 47 German adolescents and young adults in eight focus group interviews, we investigate how youth-sensitive reporting systems for hateful content can be designed. We explore German youth’s reporting barriers, finding that on platforms, they feel particularly discouraged by deficient rule enforcement and feedback, while platform-independent alternatives are rather unknown and perceived as time-consuming and disruptive. We further elicit their requirements for platform-independent reporting tools and contribute with heuristics for designing youth-sensitive and inclusive reporting systems.},
keywords = {Full Paper, Honorable Mention, Preventing Digital Harm},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Youth are particularly likely to encounter hateful internet content, which can severely impact their well-being. While most social media provide reporting mechanisms, in several countries, severe hateful content can alternatively be reported to law enforcement or dedicated reporting centers. However, in Germany, many youth never resort to reporting. While research in human-computer interaction has investigated adults' views on platform-based reporting, youth perspectives and platform-independent alternatives have received little attention. By involving a diverse group of 47 German adolescents and young adults in eight focus group interviews, we investigate how youth-sensitive reporting systems for hateful content can be designed. We explore German youth’s reporting barriers, finding that on platforms, they feel particularly discouraged by deficient rule enforcement and feedback, while platform-independent alternatives are rather unknown and perceived as time-consuming and disruptive. We further elicit their requirements for platform-independent reporting tools and contribute with heuristics for designing youth-sensitive and inclusive reporting systems.
Translating HCI Research to Broader Audiences: Motivation, Inspiration, and Critical Factors on Alternative Research Outcomes
MinYoung Yoo (School of Interactive Arts, Technology, Simon Fraser University, Surrey, British Columbia, Canada), Sophia Ppali (HCI Research Group, CYENS Centre of Excellence, Nicosia, Cyprus), William Odom (School of Interactive Arts, Technology, Simon Fraser University, Surrey, British Columbia, Canada), Yumeng Zhuang (Simon Fraser University, Surrey, British Columbia, Canada), Kritika Kritika (Computational Media Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States), Wyatt Olson (School of Art + Art History + Design, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States), Catherine Wieczorek (School of Interactive Computing, Georgia Tech University , Atlanta, Georgia, United States), Heidi Biggs (School of Literature, Media,, Communication, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States), Arne Berger (Computer Science, Languages, Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, Koethen, Germany), Audrey Desjardins (School of Art + Art History + Design, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States), Ron Wakkary (School of Interactive Arts, Technology, Simon Fraser University, Surrey, British Columbia, Canada), Kathryn E. Ringland (Computational Media Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States)
Abstract | Tags: Full Paper, Meta-Research | Links:
@inproceedings{Yoo2025TranslatingHci,
title = {Translating HCI Research to Broader Audiences: Motivation, Inspiration, and Critical Factors on Alternative Research Outcomes},
author = {MinYoung Yoo (School of Interactive Arts and Technology, Simon Fraser University, Surrey, British Columbia, Canada), Sophia Ppali (HCI Research Group, CYENS Centre of Excellence, Nicosia, Cyprus), William Odom (School of Interactive Arts and Technology, Simon Fraser University, Surrey, British Columbia, Canada), Yumeng Zhuang (Simon Fraser University, Surrey, British Columbia, Canada), Kritika Kritika (Computational Media Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States), Wyatt Olson (School of Art + Art History + Design, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States), Catherine Wieczorek (School of Interactive Computing, Georgia Tech University , Atlanta, Georgia, United States), Heidi Biggs (School of Literature, Media, and Communication, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States), Arne Berger (Computer Science and Languages, Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, Koethen, Germany), Audrey Desjardins (School of Art + Art History + Design, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States), Ron Wakkary (School of Interactive Arts and Technology, Simon Fraser University, Surrey, British Columbia, Canada), Kathryn E. Ringland (Computational Media Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States)},
url = {www.arneberger.net, website
https://bsky.app/profile/arneberger.bsky.social, bsky},
doi = {10.1145/3706598.3713884},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-04-26},
urldate = {2025-04-26},
abstract = {Alternative Research Outcomes (AROs) are research outcomes that go beyond traditional academic publications, taking diverse forms such as documentaries, DIY tutorials, or exhibitions. With growing recognition of the need for more inclusive and contextually appropriate research dissemination, AROs are particularly relevant in HCI and design research. Yet, little has been discussed on why it is important to work on AROs. When do we choose AROs over traditional outputs? What can be learned from their creation, and how do they shape both the research process and its outcomes? Through the analysis of seven case studies, we demonstrate how AROs emerge organically throughout the research timeline, adapting to diverse audience needs and disseminating insights that often extend beyond the research goals. Our work contributes to the understanding of AROs' role in creating more fluid and inclusive dissemination practices, enabling HCI researchers to engage broader audiences and sustain the relevance of their work.},
keywords = {Full Paper, Meta-Research},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Alternative Research Outcomes (AROs) are research outcomes that go beyond traditional academic publications, taking diverse forms such as documentaries, DIY tutorials, or exhibitions. With growing recognition of the need for more inclusive and contextually appropriate research dissemination, AROs are particularly relevant in HCI and design research. Yet, little has been discussed on why it is important to work on AROs. When do we choose AROs over traditional outputs? What can be learned from their creation, and how do they shape both the research process and its outcomes? Through the analysis of seven case studies, we demonstrate how AROs emerge organically throughout the research timeline, adapting to diverse audience needs and disseminating insights that often extend beyond the research goals. Our work contributes to the understanding of AROs' role in creating more fluid and inclusive dissemination practices, enabling HCI researchers to engage broader audiences and sustain the relevance of their work.
Traversing Dual Realities: Investigating Techniques for Transitioning 3D Objects between Desktop and Augmented Reality Environments
Tobias Rau (University of Stuttgart), Tobias Isenberg (Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Inria, LISN), Andreas Köhn (University of Stuttgart), Michael Sedlmair (University of Stuttgart), Benjamin Lee (JPMorganChase, University of Stuttgart)
Best PaperAbstract | Tags: Best Paper, Full Paper | Links:
@inproceedings{Rau2025TraversingDual,
title = {Traversing Dual Realities: Investigating Techniques for Transitioning 3D Objects between Desktop and Augmented Reality Environments},
author = {Tobias Rau (University of Stuttgart), Tobias Isenberg (Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Inria, LISN), Andreas Köhn (University of Stuttgart), Michael Sedlmair (University of Stuttgart), Benjamin Lee (JPMorganChase, University of Stuttgart)},
url = {https://visvar.github.io/, website},
doi = {10.1145/3706598.3713949},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-04-25},
urldate = {2025-04-25},
abstract = {Desktop environments can integrate augmented reality (AR) head-worn devices to support 3D representations, visualizations, and interactions in a novel yet familiar setting. As users navigate across the dual realities – desktop and AR – a way to move 3D objects between them is needed. We devise three baseline transition techniques based on common approaches in the literature and evaluate their usability and practicality in an initial user study (N=18). After refining both our transition techniques and the surrounding technical setup, we validate the applicability of the overall concept for real-world activities in an expert user study (N=6). In it, computational chemists followed their usual desktop workflows to build, manipulate, and analyze 3D molecular structures, but now aided with the addition of AR and our transition techniques. Based on our findings from both user studies, we provide lessons learned and takeaways for the design of 3D object transition techniques in desktop + AR environments.},
keywords = {Best Paper, Full Paper},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Desktop environments can integrate augmented reality (AR) head-worn devices to support 3D representations, visualizations, and interactions in a novel yet familiar setting. As users navigate across the dual realities – desktop and AR – a way to move 3D objects between them is needed. We devise three baseline transition techniques based on common approaches in the literature and evaluate their usability and practicality in an initial user study (N=18). After refining both our transition techniques and the surrounding technical setup, we validate the applicability of the overall concept for real-world activities in an expert user study (N=6). In it, computational chemists followed their usual desktop workflows to build, manipulate, and analyze 3D molecular structures, but now aided with the addition of AR and our transition techniques. Based on our findings from both user studies, we provide lessons learned and takeaways for the design of 3D object transition techniques in desktop + AR environments.
When Do We Feel Present in a Virtual Reality? Towards Sensitivity and User Acceptance of Presence Questionnaires
Annalisa Degenhard (Ulm University), Ali Askari (Ulm University), Michael Rietzler (Ulm University), Enrico Rukzio (Ulm University)
Abstract | Tags: Full Paper, Virtual Reality | Links:
@inproceedings{Degenhard2025WhenFeel,
title = {When Do We Feel Present in a Virtual Reality? Towards Sensitivity and User Acceptance of Presence Questionnaires},
author = {Annalisa Degenhard (Ulm University), Ali Askari (Ulm University), Michael Rietzler (Ulm University) and Enrico Rukzio (Ulm University)},
url = {https://www.uni-ulm.de/en/in/mi/hci/, website
https://www.linkedin.com/in/annalisa-degenhard-7950241b4/, linkedin},
doi = {10.1145/3706598.3714204},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-04-26},
urldate = {2025-04-26},
abstract = {Presence is an important and widely used metric to measure the quality of virtual reality (VR) applications. Given the multifaceted and subjective nature of presence, the most common measures for presence are questionnaires. But there is little research on their validity regarding specific presence dimensions and their responsiveness to differences in perception among users. We investigated four presence questionnaires (SUS, PQ, IPQ, Bouchard) on their responsiveness to intensity variations of known presence dimensions and asked users about their consistency with their experience. Therefore, we created five VR scenarios that were designed to emphasize a specific presence dimension. Our findings showed heterogeneous sensitivity of the questionnaires dependent on the different dimensions of presence. This highlights a context-specific suitability of presence questionnaires. The questionnaires' sensitivity was further stated as lower than actually perceived. Based on our findings, we offer guidance on selecting these questionnaires based on their suitability for particular use cases.},
keywords = {Full Paper, Virtual Reality},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Presence is an important and widely used metric to measure the quality of virtual reality (VR) applications. Given the multifaceted and subjective nature of presence, the most common measures for presence are questionnaires. But there is little research on their validity regarding specific presence dimensions and their responsiveness to differences in perception among users. We investigated four presence questionnaires (SUS, PQ, IPQ, Bouchard) on their responsiveness to intensity variations of known presence dimensions and asked users about their consistency with their experience. Therefore, we created five VR scenarios that were designed to emphasize a specific presence dimension. Our findings showed heterogeneous sensitivity of the questionnaires dependent on the different dimensions of presence. This highlights a context-specific suitability of presence questionnaires. The questionnaires' sensitivity was further stated as lower than actually perceived. Based on our findings, we offer guidance on selecting these questionnaires based on their suitability for particular use cases.
Who is in Control? Understanding User Agency in AR-assisted Construction Assembly
Xiliu Yang (Institute for Computational Design, Construction), Prasanth Sasikumar (Augmented Human Lab), Felix Amtsberg (Institute for Computational Design, Construction), Achim Menges (Institute for Computational Design, Construction), Michael Sedlmair (Visualization Research Center), Suranga Nanayakkara (Augmented Human Lab)
Abstract | Tags: Augmented Reality, Full Paper | Links:
@inproceedings{Yang2025WhoControl,
title = {Who is in Control? Understanding User Agency in AR-assisted Construction Assembly},
author = {Xiliu Yang (Institute for Computational Design and Construction), Prasanth Sasikumar (Augmented Human Lab), Felix Amtsberg (Institute for Computational Design and Construction), Achim Menges (Institute for Computational Design and Construction), Michael Sedlmair (Visualization Research Center), Suranga Nanayakkara (Augmented Human Lab)},
doi = {10.1145/3706598.3713765},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-04-26},
urldate = {2025-04-26},
abstract = {Adaptive AR assistance can automatically trigger content to support users based on their context. Such intelligent automation offers many benefits but also alters users' degree of control, which is seldom explored in existing research. In this paper, we compare high- and low-agency control in AR-assisted construction assembly to understand the role of user agency. We designed cognitive and physical assembly scenarios and conducted a lab study (N=24), showing that low-agency control reduced mental workloads and perceived autonomy in several tasks. A follow-up domain expert study with trained carpenters (N=8) contextualised these results in an ecologically valid setting. Through semi-structured interviews, we examined the carpenters' perspectives on AR support in their daily work and the trade-offs of automating interactions. Based on these findings, we summarise key design considerations to inform future adaptive AR designs in the context of timber construction.},
keywords = {Augmented Reality, Full Paper},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Adaptive AR assistance can automatically trigger content to support users based on their context. Such intelligent automation offers many benefits but also alters users' degree of control, which is seldom explored in existing research. In this paper, we compare high- and low-agency control in AR-assisted construction assembly to understand the role of user agency. We designed cognitive and physical assembly scenarios and conducted a lab study (N=24), showing that low-agency control reduced mental workloads and perceived autonomy in several tasks. A follow-up domain expert study with trained carpenters (N=8) contextualised these results in an ecologically valid setting. Through semi-structured interviews, we examined the carpenters' perspectives on AR support in their daily work and the trade-offs of automating interactions. Based on these findings, we summarise key design considerations to inform future adaptive AR designs in the context of timber construction.
Who is Trusted for a Second Opinion? Comparing Collective Advice from a Medical AI and Physicians in Biopsy Decisions After Mammography Screening
Henrik Detjen (Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Medicine MEVIS), Lars Densky (Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Medicine MEVIS), Niklas von Kalckreuth (Technische Universität Berlin), Marvin Kopka (Technische Universität Berlin)
Abstract | Tags: Full Paper | Links:
@inproceedings{Detjen2025WhoTrusted,
title = {Who is Trusted for a Second Opinion? Comparing Collective Advice from a Medical AI and Physicians in Biopsy Decisions After Mammography Screening},
author = {Henrik Detjen (Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Medicine MEVIS), Lars Densky (Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Medicine MEVIS), Niklas von Kalckreuth (Technische Universität Berlin), Marvin Kopka (Technische Universität Berlin)},
url = {https://www.mevis.fraunhofer.de/en/, website
https://www.linkedin.com/company/fraunhofer-mevis/, research group linkedin
https://www.linkedin.com/in/henrik-detjen-927771251/, author\'s linkedin},
doi = {10.1145/3706598.3713898},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-04-26},
urldate = {2025-04-26},
abstract = {Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly integrated into clinical practice, but its influence on patient decision-making, particularly when AI and physicians disagree, remains unclear. To examine collective advice, we investigated a breast cancer screening scenario using (1) a qualitative interview study (N=9) and (2) a quantitative experiment (N=339) where participants received either consistent or conflicting biopsy recommendations. Qualitative findings include the need for empathetic care, the importance of patient autonomy, and a desire for a four-eyes principle. Quantitative findings accordingly show that patients generally trust physicians more than AI but still tend to follow AI recommendations due to risk aversion. When both advised a biopsy, 99% adhered; if both advised against it, 25% still proceeded. In conflicting scenarios, 97% followed the physician’s advice, whereas 66% followed the AI if it recommended the biopsy. These results underscore the need for careful interaction design of collective healthcare advice to prevent unnecessary healthcare procedures.},
keywords = {Full Paper},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly integrated into clinical practice, but its influence on patient decision-making, particularly when AI and physicians disagree, remains unclear. To examine collective advice, we investigated a breast cancer screening scenario using (1) a qualitative interview study (N=9) and (2) a quantitative experiment (N=339) where participants received either consistent or conflicting biopsy recommendations. Qualitative findings include the need for empathetic care, the importance of patient autonomy, and a desire for a four-eyes principle. Quantitative findings accordingly show that patients generally trust physicians more than AI but still tend to follow AI recommendations due to risk aversion. When both advised a biopsy, 99% adhered; if both advised against it, 25% still proceeded. In conflicting scenarios, 97% followed the physician’s advice, whereas 66% followed the AI if it recommended the biopsy. These results underscore the need for careful interaction design of collective healthcare advice to prevent unnecessary healthcare procedures.